A method and system to manufacture workpieces employing a high intensity energy source to create a puddle and at least one resistively heated wire which is heated to at or near its melting temperature and deposited into the puddle as droplets.

A method, apparatus, and system are provided to monitor and characterize the dynamics of a phase change region (PCR) created during laser welding, specifically keyhole welding, and other material modification processes, using low-coherence interferometry. By directing a measurement beam to multiple locations within and overlapping with the PCR, the system, apparatus, and method are used to determine, in real time, spatial and temporal characteristics of the weld such as keyhole depth, length, width, shape and whether the keyhole is unstable, closes or collapses. This information is important in determining the quality and material properties of a completed finished weld. It can also be used with feedback to modify the material modification process in real time.

A welding head for a welding apparatus, the head comprising an outer face attachable to a welding device such as an electron beam gun or laser, an inner face sealable to a workpiece, and an outer sealing ring and an inner sealing ring situated within the inner face and disposed on either side of an evacuatable region, wherein the inner face has a teardrop-shaped profile. Outer and inner sealing rings can be inflatable or formed from different materials, the outer sealing ring being formed from a material with a Shore hardness of between 50 to 70 and the inner sealing ring being formed from a material with a Shore hardness of 20 to 40. A bridging seal can extend from within the inner sealing ring to the outer sealing ring.

A process for layer manufacturing comprising: (a) feeding raw material in a solid state to a first predetermined location; (b) depositing the raw material onto a substrate as a molten pool deposit under a first processing condition; (c) monitoring the molten pool deposit for a preselected condition using a detector substantially contemporaneously with the depositing step; (d) comparing information about the preselected condition of the monitored molten pool deposit with a predetermined desired value for the preselected condition of the monitored molten pool deposit; (e) solidifying the molten pool deposit; (f) automatically altering the first processing condition to a different processing condition based upon information obtained from the comparing step (d); (g) protecting the detector with a vapor protection device; and (h) repeating steps (a) through (g) at one or more second locations.

Systems and methods of manufacture of radiator fins. In one embodiment, a radiator fin made of carbon fiber is provided. In one aspect, the radiator fin is made of carbon fibers forming an interlaced pattern. In another aspect, the interlaced carbon fiber radiator fin is attached directly to a heat pipe, the heat pipe connected to a heat source.

An embodiment hammer device includes a driver, an upper body configured to move in a direction set by power generated from the driver, an elastic body provided on the upper body, a hammer provided in the elastic body, a force sensor provided in the hammer, and a support configured to support the elastic body and the hammer.

This disclosure describes machining units for machining a workpiece, in particular for welding a workpiece by, using a thermal machining beam. The thermal machining beam can be directed onto a workpiece along a beam incidence axis by means of the machining unit, wherein the machining unit has a rotary drive device by means of which an auxiliary module for workpiece machining is rotatable about the beam incidence axis. The machining unit includes a coupling device by which the auxiliary module can be moved between a position coupled to the rotary drive device and a position uncoupled from the rotary drive device.

A method of manufacturing a welded structure of a ferritic heat-resistant steel is provided that prevents Type IV damage and that has good on-site operability without adding a high B concentration. The method includes: the step of preparing a base material including 8.0 to 12.0% Cr, less than 0.005% B and other elements; the step of forming an edge on the base material; a pre-weld heat treatment step in which a region located between a surface of the edge and a position distant from the surface of the edge by a pre-weld heat treatment depth of 30 to 100 mm is heated to a temperature of 1050 to 1200° C. and is held at this temperature for 2 to 30 minutes; a welding step in which the edge is welded to form the weld metal; and a post-weld heat treatment step in which a region located between the surface of the edge and a position distant from the surface of the edge by a distance not smaller than the pre-weld heat treatment depth and not greater than 100 mm is heated to a temperature of 720 to 780° C. and is held at this temperature for a time period not shorter than 30 minutes and satisfying the following formula, (1):
(Log(t)+12).Math.(T+273)<13810  (1).

A process and apparatus for free form fabrication of a three-dimensional work piece comprising (a) feeding raw material in a solid state to a first predetermined location: (b) depositing the raw material onto a substrate as a molten pool deposit under a first processing condition; (C) monitoring the molten pool deposit for a preselected condition; (d) comparing information about the preselected condition of the monitored molten pool deposit with a predetermined desired value for the preselected condition of the monitored molten pool deposit; (e) solidifying the molten pool deposit; (f) automatically altering the first processing condition to a different processing condition based upon information obtained from the comparing step (d); and repeating steps (a) through (f) at one or more second locations for building up layer by layer a three-dimensional work piece. The apparatus is characterized by a detector that monitors a preselected condition of the deposited material and a closed loop electronic control device for controlling operation of one or more components of the apparatus in response to a detected condition by the detector.

A core manufacturing that includes stacking a plurality of electromagnetic steel plates in an axial direction; performing first welding on an inner surface of a through hole formed in a stack of the electromagnetic steel plates and continuous in the axial direction, the first welding being performed toward a first side in the axial direction which is one side in the axial direction; and performing second welding on the inner surface of the through hole, the second welding being performed toward a second side in the axial direction which is the other side in the axial direction.