Device surfaces are rendered superhydrophobic and/or superoleophobic through microstructures and/or nanostructures that utilize the same base material(s) as the device itself without the need for coatings made from different materials or substances. A medical device includes a portion made from a base material having a surface adapted for contact with biological material, and wherein the surface is modified to become superhydrophobic, superoleophobic, or both, using only the base material, excluding non-material coatings. The surface may be modified using a subtractive process, an additive process, or a combination thereof. The product of the process may form part of an implantable device or a medical instrument, including a medical device or instrument associated with an intraocular procedure. The surface may be modified to include micrometer- or nanometer-sized pillars, posts, pits or cavitations; hierarchical structures having asperities; or posts/pillars with caps having dimensions greater than the diameters of the posts or pillars.

Device surfaces are rendered superhydrophobic and/or superoleophobic through microstructures and/or nanostructures that utilize the same base material(s) as the device itself without the need for coatings made from different materials or substances. A medical device includes a portion made from a base material having a surface adapted for contact with biological material, and wherein the surface is modified to become superhydrophobic, superoleophobic, or both, using only the base material, excluding non-material coatings. The surface may be modified using a subtractive process, an additive process, or a combination thereof. The product of the process may form part of an implantable device or a medical instrument, including a medical device or instrument associated with an intraocular procedure. The surface may be modified to include micrometer- or nanometer-sized pillars, posts, pits or cavitations; hierarchical structures having asperities; or posts/pillars with caps having dimensions greater than the diameters of the posts or pillars.

Perforating graphene and other two-dimensional materials with holes inclusively having a desired size range, a narrow size distribution, and a high hole density can be difficult to achieve. A layer in continuous contact with graphene, graphene-based materials and other two-dimensional materials can help promote hole formation. Processes for perforating a two-dimensional material can include exposing to an ion source a two-dimensional material in continuous contact with at least one layer, and interacting a plurality of ions from the ion source with the two-dimensional material and with the at least one layer. The ion source may be a broad ion beam.

For at least partial fabrication of a mirror for an optical cavity, a surface to be processed of an optical substrate is positioned in an operating plane, which is equal to or parallel to a focal plane of a laser arrangement, and a concave surface profile of the surface is generated by applying a sequence of multiple laser shots to the surface by using a quantum cascade laser of the laser arrangement.

For at least partial fabrication of a mirror for an optical cavity, a surface to be processed of an optical substrate is positioned in an operating plane, which is equal to or parallel to a focal plane of a laser arrangement, and a concave surface profile of the surface is generated by applying a sequence of multiple laser shots to the surface by using a quantum cascade laser of the laser arrangement.

The present disclosure is directed towards different embodiments of additively manufacturing and smoothing an AM preform to configure an AM preform for downstream processing (working, forging, and the like).

Certain embodiments of the disclosure may include systems, methods, and apparatus for locating and drilling closed holes of a gas turbine component. According to an example embodiment, the method can include receiving position data associated with one or more holes in a gas turbine component; receiving predefined hole position data from manufacturing data associated with the gas turbine component; determining at least one missing hole, based at least in part on comparing the received position data to the predefined hole position data; and drilling at least one hole in the gas turbine component corresponding to the determined at least one missing hole.

A system includes a machine tool having a clamp. The system also includes a processing head configured to be temporarily held by the clamp of the machine tool. The processing head is also configured to deposit one or more media onto a workpiece. The processing head includes a guide configured to direct energy from an energy source onto the workpiece and/or the one or more media. The processing head also includes one or more supplies including one or more reservoirs within the processing head. The one or more reservoirs are configured to receive the one or more media, store the one or more media as the processing head is moved from one location to another location, and provide the one or more media.

A process for hardening tubulars and increasing their surface area for heat transfer can be performed in place in a borehole or on the surface. A pattern is applied to an interior wall with at laser, electron beam or radiation source that is remotely controlled to apply the hardening pattern to the inside or outside wall as inert gas or clean fluid is applied. Pressure differential is applied to the wall so that the non-hardened portions or the negative of the hardened pattern plastically or elastically deform to increase surface area and enhance load resistance of tubular or sheets. Alternatively, wall differential pressure is applied with an insert having a raised pattern on its exterior surface causing the spaces where the pattern is absent to plastically deform to enhance surface area. When done in a borehole annulus pressure or stand pipe pressure is applied or a vacuum is pulled inside the tubular to generate differential pressure for hydro-forming or switching dents in an opposite stable condition. The insert can be removed mechanically, or by dissolving or disintegration. Geothermal and SAGD applications are envisioned.

A process for hardening tubulars and increasing their surface area for heat transfer can be performed in place in a borehole or on the surface. A pattern is applied to an interior wall with at laser, electron beam or radiation source that is remotely controlled to apply the hardening pattern to the inside or outside wall as inert gas or clean fluid is applied. Pressure differential is applied to the wall so that the non-hardened portions or the negative of the hardened pattern plastically or elastically deform to increase surface area and enhance load resistance of tubular or sheets. Alternatively, wall differential pressure is applied with an insert having a raised pattern on its exterior surface causing the spaces where the pattern is absent to plastically deform to enhance surface area. When done in a borehole annulus pressure or stand pipe pressure is applied or a vacuum is pulled inside the tubular to generate differential pressure for hydro-forming or switching dents in an opposite stable condition. The insert can be removed mechanically, or by dissolving or disintegration. Geothermal and SAGD applications are envisioned.