A ribbon bonding tool including a body portion is provided. The body portion includes a tip portion. The tip portion includes a working surface between a front edge of the tip portion and a back edge of the tip portion. The working surface includes a region defining at least one of a plurality of recesses and a plurality of protrusions. The working surface also defines at least one of (a) a first planar portion between the region and the front edge of the tip portion, and (b) a second planar portion between the region and the back edge of the tip portion.

An electric-resistance-welded stainless clad steel pipe or tube that is excellent in both the fracture property of the weld and the corrosion resistance of the pipe or tube inner surface as electric resistance welded without additional welding treatment such as weld overlaying after electric resistance welding is provided. An electric-resistance-welded stainless clad steel pipe or tube comprises: an outer layer of carbon steel or low-alloy steel; and an inner layer of austenitic stainless steel having a predetermined chemical composition, wherein a flatness value h/D in a 90 flattening test in accordance with JIS G 3445 is less than 0.3, and a pipe or tube inner surface has no crack in a sulfuric acid-copper sulfate corrosion test in accordance with ASTM A262-10, Practice E, where h is a flattening crack height (mm), and D is a pipe or tube outer diameter (mm).

An electric-resistance-welded stainless clad steel pipe or tube that is excellent in both the fracture property of the weld and the corrosion resistance of the pipe or tube inner surface as electric resistance welded without additional welding treatment such as weld overlaying after electric resistance welding is provided. An electric-resistance-welded stainless clad steel pipe or tube comprises: an outer layer of carbon steel or low-alloy steel; and an inner layer of austenitic stainless steel having a predetermined chemical composition, wherein a flatness value h/D in a 90 flattening test in accordance with JIS G 3445 is less than 0.3, and a pipe or tube inner surface has no crack in a sulfuric acid-copper sulfate corrosion test in accordance with ASTM A262-10, Practice E, where h is a flattening crack height (mm), and D is a pipe or tube outer diameter (mm).

A process and apparatus for forming a structure comprising: a) forming a pack from a skin sheet and a core sheet, b) placing the pack in a mould and heating the pack; c) injecting a first gas between the core and skin sheets to urge the skin sheet against the mould; d) injecting a second gas on the side of the core sheet remote from the skin sheet to urge the core sheet against the skin sheet; e) maintaining gas pressure of the second gas thereby diffusion bonding the sheets; and f) injecting a third gas between the skin sheet and the mould, to force the skin sheet against the core sheet.

A process and apparatus for forming a structure comprising: a) forming a pack from a skin sheet and a core sheet, b) placing the pack in a mould and heating the pack; c) injecting a first gas between the core and skin sheets to urge the skin sheet against the mould; d) injecting a second gas on the side of the core sheet remote from the skin sheet to urge the core sheet against the skin sheet; e) maintaining gas pressure of the second gas thereby diffusion bonding the sheets; and f) injecting a third gas between the skin sheet and the mould, to force the skin sheet against the core sheet.

A system for manipulating a filament can include a filament supply from which a filament can be drawn, the filament supply being positioned along an axis, a vacuum manipulator assembly positioned along the axis, wherein the vacuum manipulator assembly is configured to engage the filament when a vacuum is drawn through the vacuum manipulator assembly and draw the filament along the axis to a workpiece, and a welding tool comprising a welding head positioned along the axis between the filament supply and the vacuum manipulator assembly, the welding tool being configured to weld the filament to the workpiece.

A method of manufacturing a clad part comprising two metals is provided. The method includes roll bonding two metals to create the clad part. The roll bonding process may include cutting the two metals to a certain size, wherein one metal is wider than the other metal, preparing surfaces of the two metals, heating at least one of the metals, inserting the two metals into a rolling mill while positioning the two metals relative to one another.

A method of manufacturing a clad part comprising two metals is provided. The method includes roll bonding two metals to create the clad part. The roll bonding process may include cutting the two metals to a certain size, wherein one metal is wider than the other metal, preparing surfaces of the two metals, heating at least one of the metals, inserting the two metals into a rolling mill while positioning the two metals relative to one another.

A method for producing a hot-rolled clad composite material may involve cleaning surfaces of multiple flat products, at least one surface of which has a natural unevenness. The cleaned surfaces may then be connected and brought into contact by stacking the flat products. The flat products may then by regionally welded to create a flat product package. The method may further involve heating the flat product package to an initial hot-rolling temperature, hot-rolling the flat product package to form a hot strip, and either cutting the hot strip into plates or sheets or coiling the hot strip to form a coil.

A method for producing a hot-rolled clad composite material may involve cleaning surfaces of multiple flat products, at least one surface of which has a natural unevenness. The cleaned surfaces may then be connected and brought into contact by stacking the flat products. The flat products may then by regionally welded to create a flat product package. The method may further involve heating the flat product package to an initial hot-rolling temperature, hot-rolling the flat product package to form a hot strip, and either cutting the hot strip into plates or sheets or coiling the hot strip to form a coil.