A manufacturing method for manufacturing a cylinder tube includes a joining step of joining a tube main body and a head member by friction welding by abutting an end surface of the tube main body and a flange portion of the head member in a state in which a through hole of the tube main body and a projecting portion of the head member are fitted to each other so as to form a predetermined clearance. In the joining step, a non-contact portion of the flange portion of the head member facing the clearance is joined to the tube main body by heating the non-contact portion with friction heat generated by relative rotation between the tube main body and the head member.

A manufacturing method for manufacturing a cylinder tube includes a joining step of joining a tube main body and a head member by friction welding by abutting an end surface of the tube main body and a flange portion of the head member in a state in which a through hole of the tube main body and a projecting portion of the head member are fitted to each other so as to form a predetermined clearance. In the joining step, a non-contact portion of the flange portion of the head member facing the clearance is joined to the tube main body by heating the non-contact portion with friction heat generated by relative rotation between the tube main body and the head member.

Process for manufacturing a part, in particular a composite cast part, includes the steps of: providing at least one insertion element; casting a casting material around at least a portion of the at least one insertion element such that at least one contact area is formed between the at least one insertion element and the casting material; and welding the at least one insertion element to the casting material in the contact area.

Provided are a long-life and inexpensive friction stir welding tool that is not dependent on the mode of friction stir welding or the type of material to be welded, and a friction stir welding method using the friction stir welding tool. The friction stir welding tool comprises a body portion having a shoulder portion, and a probe portion disposed on a bottom surface of the body portion, and is characterized in that the probe portion is spherical-crown shaped. Preferably, the shoulder portion is flat or convex, and preferably the hardness of the shoulder portion is greater than the hardness of the probe portion.

A friction stir spot welding apparatus including a controller that (A) operates a rotary driver and a tool driver such that a pin and a shoulder are brought into contact with a welded workpiece; (B) operates, after the step (A), the rotary driver and the tool driver such that the pin separates from the welded workpiece; and (C) operates, after the step (B), the rotary driver and the tool driver such that the pin advances toward the welded workpiece. The controller controls the tool driver such that pressing force applied to the welded workpiece from the pin and the shoulder in the step (C) is smaller than that in the step (B) and/or controls the rotary driver such that rotational frequencies of the pin and the shoulder in the step (C) are lower than those in the step (B).

In one aspect of the present disclosure, a friction stir processing tip is provided for a friction stir processing device. The friction stir processing tip includes a body having a central longitudinal axis, a friction stir processing portion of the body, and a connecting portion of the body configured to connect to a tip holder of the friction stir processing device. The connecting portion includes splines configured to receive a torque from the tip holder for rotating the body about the central longitudinal axis.

A two-piece connection between a supply pipe from a source of water and a connection to a fire sprinkler with the connector having a first or rear section entirely above a ceiling and a second or front section connected to the first section with the connection entirely above a ceiling and the forward portion of second section connected to the fire sprinkler. The first connector section, located entirely above a ceiling, has a spherical male sidewall with a rounded leading edge and a rear portion of the second connector section has a spherical female interior surface.

Described are enclosures that include a friction stir weld, including electronic device enclosures, and precursors thereof that contain a metal base that includes a recess and a metal cover that in an assembled condition form a joint at which a friction stir weld can be produced, as well as methods for producing a friction stir weld at a joint of such an assembly; the base includes at least one bow wave reduction feature.

The present disclosure provides a method of manufacturing a one-piece wheel having a hollow structure for noise reduction. At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides a method of manufacturing a one-piece wheel having a hollow structure for noise reduction, the method comprising: fabricating, by using one or both of gravity casting and low-pressure casting, an integral casting in which a disk portion and a wheel rim portion are integrally formed, wherein the rim portion includes an annular protrusion radially protruding from an outer circumferential surface; forming at least one cavity by bending the annular protrusion through flow forming to provide a bending portion, resulting in the cavity using the bending portion and one side of the disk portion; and performing a friction stir welding between the one side of the disk portion and one end of the bending portion.

In a screw-coupling structure between an internally-threaded body and an externally-threaded body, for connecting reinforcing bars: the internally-threaded body includes, on the inner diameter thereof, a parallel-tapered-integrated internal thread section formed by integrating a parallel internal thread section formed as a parallel screw thread, with a tapered internal thread section formed on one end of the parallel internal thread section so that the minor diameter thereof gradually narrows; and the externally-threaded body comprises, on the outer diameter thereof, a parallel-tapered-integrated external thread section formed by integrating a parallel external thread section formed as a parallel screw thread, with a tapered external thread section formed on one end of the parallel external thread section so that the major diameter thereof gradually narrows.