A joining method includes the steps of placing a brazing element between an interface area of a first ceramic piece and an interface area of a second ceramic piece to create a joining pre-assembly, placing the components of said joining pre-assembly into a process chamber, removing oxygen from said process chamber, and heating at least said brazing element of said joining pre-assembly, thereby hermetically joining said first ceramic piece to said second ceramic piece. The brazing element consists of Nickel and Carbon.

In some implementations, an apparatus comprises a pipe, a stud that is forge-welded to the pipe, creating a forge-welded stud, a bracket that is operably coupled to the forge-welded stud, and a ladder support operably coupled to the bracket.

A polymeric reduction material for gas pressure welding A1 includes a cap body 1 that is made of a thermoplastic resin, can be externally fitted to a pressure welded-side end portion of the material to be pressure welded, and is a bottomed cylindrical body, an air blocking ring 2 that is integrally provided at a bottom portion 12 of the cap body 1, is made of a thermosetting resin, and has a required diameter, a reduction sheet 3 that sandwiches the air blocking ring 2 between the bottom portion 12 of the cap body 1 and the reduction sheet 3, has a diameter equal to or larger than that of the air blocking ring 2, and is made of a thermoplastic resin. A reduction ring 5 made of a polyimide resin is wound around an outer peripheral portion of a stacked portion of the reduction sheet.

A polymeric reduction material for gas pressure welding A1 includes a cap body 1 that is made of a thermoplastic resin, can be externally fitted to a pressure welded-side end portion of the material to be pressure welded, and is a bottomed cylindrical body, an air blocking ring 2 that is integrally provided at a bottom portion 12 of the cap body 1, is made of a thermosetting resin, and has a required diameter, a reduction sheet 3 that sandwiches the air blocking ring 2 between the bottom portion 12 of the cap body 1 and the reduction sheet 3, has a diameter equal to or larger than that of the air blocking ring 2, and is made of a thermoplastic resin. A reduction ring 5 made of a polyimide resin is wound around an outer peripheral portion of a stacked portion of the reduction sheet.

In some implementations, an apparatus comprises a pipe, a stud that is forge-welded to the pipe, creating a forge-welded stud, a bracket that is operably coupled to the forge-welded stud, and a walkway operably coupled to the bracket.

In a method for manufacturing a turbine engine element such as a blade or vane, the element has an airfoil. The method includes: applying a load across an assembly of a first cast portion of the airfoil and a second cast portion of the airfoil; and applying current across a junction of the first cast portion and the second cast portion to fuse the second cast portion to the first cast portion.

A brazing process using Nickel(Ni)-Carbon as graphite(Cg) alloys, Ni-Cg-Molybdenum(Mo) alloys, and Ni-Cobalt(Co)-Cg-Mo alloys for brazing together ceramics, ceramics to metals, metals to metals. Semiconductor processing equipment made with the use of Ni-Cg alloys, such as heaters and chucks. Semiconductor processing equipment components and industrial equipment components using a highly wear resistant surface layer, such as sapphire, joined to a substrate such as a ceramic, with a Ni-Cg alloy braze.

A constructing-and-forging method for preparing homogenized forged pieces comprises: preparing preformed billets: cutting off a plurality of continuous casting billets, milling and smoothing surfaces of the billets to be welded, performing vacuum plasma cleaning operation to the surfaces to be welded, stacking the plurality of billets and sealing around the surfaces in a vacuum chamber by electron beam welding; forge-welding and homogenizing the preformed billets: heating the preformed billets to a certain temperature in a heating furnace and taking the heated preformed billets out of the heating furnace, forging the preformed billets by a hydraulic press, then using three-dimensional forging to disperse the welded surfaces such that composition, structure and inclusion of the interface areas are at the same level as those of the bodies of the billets. Cheap continuous casting billets are stacked and forge welded.

A constructing-and-forging method for preparing homogenized forged pieces comprises: preparing preformed billets: cutting off a plurality of continuous casting billets, milling and smoothing surfaces of the billets to be welded, performing vacuum plasma cleaning operation to the surfaces to be welded, stacking the plurality of billets and sealing around the surfaces in a vacuum chamber by electron beam welding; forge-welding and homogenizing the preformed billets: heating the preformed billets to a certain temperature in a heating furnace and taking the heated preformed billets out of the heating furnace, forging the preformed billets by a hydraulic press, then using three-dimensional forging to disperse the welded surfaces such that composition, structure and inclusion of the interface areas are at the same level as those of the bodies of the billets. Cheap continuous casting billets are stacked and forge welded.

The invention relates to a forming device (200) for supplying at least one root protection gas to the root side of at least one region (11) of at least one pipe (10) to be connected, comprising at least one root protection gas supply device (220) for supplying the root protection gas and comprising at least one root protection gas conducting device (210) for conducting or deflecting the supplied root protection gas in an axial direction along the inner wall of the pipe (10) along the root side of the region (11) to be connected, wherein the root protection gas conducting device (210) has a cylindrical shape and can be inserted into the pipe (10) in a centered manner, and the root protection gas supply device (220) is arranged within the root protection gas conducting device (210). The invention additionally relates to a method for forming or supplying at least one root protection gas to the root side of at least one region (11) of at least one pipe (10) to be connected. The supplied root protection gas is guided, conducted, or deflected in the direction along the inner face of the pipe (10) along the root side of the region to be connected, and the root protection gas is additionally guided in the radial direction such that when the pipe region is connected to a pipe bend (12), the root protection gas is guided along the curvature of the pipe bend (12) in the axial direction.