A workpiece is described, and includes a substrate, a cable, and a cover piece. A portion of the cable is joined to the substrate employing a vibration welding tool, and the cover piece is interposed between the portion of the cable and the vibration welding tool during the joining.

An energy apparatus can be configured for providing energy to an item being transferred over a rotatable drum. The energy apparatus can include a first energy mechanism configured to be fixedly coupled to the rotatable drum and rotate with the rotatable drum. The energy apparatus can also include a second energy mechanism configured to rotate around a circumference of the rotatable drum. The energy apparatus can additionally include a translation system coupled to the second energy mechanism and configured to move the second energy mechanism to an end position that allows the second energy mechanism and the first energy mechanism to provide energy to the item while there is no relative motion between the first energy mechanism and the second energy mechanism. Methods of providing energy to an item utilizing an energy apparatus are also disclosed.

A friction stir spot welding device includes a pin member, a shoulder member, a rotation driving unit, a tool driving unit, a position detector, and a controller, wherein the controller sets as reference position of the tip end surface of the pin member or shoulder member at a time point when the pin member tip end surface or shoulder member contacts an obverse surface of an object and controls the tool driving unit reducing a pressing force to the object by the pin member and pressing force to the object by the shoulder member in a next welding process, and/or controls the rotation driving unit reducing the pin member rotational speed and shoulder member rotational speed in the next welding process, in case where a first position is the position of the tip end surface of the pin member or the shoulder member is within a first region.

A manifold structure and method of forming a structure having at least one enclosed cavity includes using an ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) process to build up a solid component, forming a cavity in the solid component, filling the cavity with a sacrificial material, using a UAM process to build up a finstock layer over the cavity filled with the powder material to enclose the cavity and form the enclosed cavity, and removing the sacrificial material from the enclosed cavity after the finstock layer is ultrasonically welded to the solid component. The sacrificial material has an adequate density to support the UAM process of forming the finstock layer over the cavity and the material may be removed from the enclosed cavity, resulting in an enclosed cavity having smooth surfaces with an optimal fluid flow area therethrough.

The present invention relates to a method for joining at least two metal workpiece parts (2, 8) of a differing metal composition to each other by means of explosion welding, comprising the steps of: •—enclosing an inner workpiece part (2) at least partially with an outer workpiece part (89; •—arranging a mantle of explosive material (14) round the outer workpiece part; and •—detonating the explosive material in order to bring about a metallurgical connection between the two workpiece parts; •—wherein during the detonation of the explosive material the inner workpiece part is substantially wholly filled with and/or is at least partially enclosed by a dilatant non-Newtonian mixture (20). The invention further relates to a workpiece manufactured via this method.

The present invention relates to a method for joining at least two metal workpiece parts (2, 8) of a differing metal composition to each other by means of explosion welding, comprising the steps of: •—enclosing an inner workpiece part (2) at least partially with an outer workpiece part (89; •—arranging a mantle of explosive material (14) round the outer workpiece part; and •—detonating the explosive material in order to bring about a metallurgical connection between the two workpiece parts; •—wherein during the detonation of the explosive material the inner workpiece part is substantially wholly filled with and/or is at least partially enclosed by a dilatant non-Newtonian mixture (20). The invention further relates to a workpiece manufactured via this method.

A method for producing a connection between a sandwich element and a metal element is disclosed herein. In this method, the sandwich element has an interlayer arranged between two cover elements. The method includes providing the sandwich element and the metal element; placing the sandwich element and the metal element in face-to-face contact at least partially overlapping; adding a fastener from the sandwich-element side while a base of the fastener extends within the sandwich element; and friction welding, from the metal-element side, to form a hybrid connection having a mechanical connection between the fastener and the sandwich element and a welding connection between the fastener and the metal element.

A method of attaching a cladding element to a base element. A first inner side of the cladding element is positioned spaced apart from a second inner side of the base element to define a slot therebetween, and one or more heating elements are located in the slot. A non-oxidizing atmosphere is provided in the slot, and the heating element is energized, to heat at least portions of the cladding element and the base element to a hot working temperature. While at the hot working temperature, the first and second inner sides are engaged with each other, and one or both are moved relative to the other, for plastic deformation of the first and second inner sides, to subject the portions of the cladding element and the base element to shear stresses. The portions are allowed to cool, for recrystallization thereof.

A method of forming a canister by means of a mechanical bonding of respective layers of a first metal material (tantalum) and a second metal material (niobium) to form a sheet stock, thereby forming the sheet stock into a canister form, wherein the first metal material comprises tantalum and the second metal material comprises at least one of niobium, molybdenum, or steel. The completed canister comprises a first metal material comprising tantalum, and a second metal material mechanically bonded to the first metal material by subjecting the first and second metal materials to at least 1,000,000 psi, to thereby form a canister having an inner diameter of 13-19 millimeters (mm), the second metal material comprising at least one of niobium, molybdenum, or steel.

An imaging system using ultraviolet light or a manufacturing apparatus including the imaging system is provided. An imaging system includes an imaging element and a light source, which operates the imaging element with light that is emitted from the light source and reflected or transmitted by an object. A pixel included in the imaging element includes a photoelectric conversion element and a charge holding part. The light source has a function of emitting ultraviolet light to an object. The photoelectric conversion element is irradiated with the ultraviolet light reflected or transmitted by the object. The photoelectric conversion element has a function of changing the potential of the charge holding part when irradiated with the ultraviolet light and retaining the potential when not irradiated with the ultraviolet light.