A horn includes a plurality of protrusion formation parts, each of which has a plurality of protrusions that protrude from a welding surface and are arranged in a line in at least one row, the plurality of protrusion formation parts respectively configured to form pattern formation parts on an outermost electrode tab of electrode tabs of a secondary battery, and a protrusion-free part which is disposed between two protrusion formation parts of the plurality of protrusion formation parts and in which protrusions are not provided to expose the welding surface to an outside, the protrusion-free part configured to form a pattern-free part on the outermost electrode tab. The protrusion-free part has a width greater than a width of each of the protrusions.

An induction heating coil includes a coil section configured to heat a treatment target by induction, a power supply section configured to supply power to the coil section, and a cooling medium passage that is arranged in the power supply section and the coil section, and is configured to supply a cooling medium to the coil section. The coil section, the power supply section, and the cooling medium passage are formed using a metal additive fabrication method.

An induction heating coil includes a coil section configured to heat a treatment target by induction, a power supply section configured to supply power to the coil section, and a cooling medium passage that is arranged in the power supply section and the coil section, and is configured to supply a cooling medium to the coil section. The coil section, the power supply section, and the cooling medium passage are formed using a metal additive fabrication method.

A system and method depositing metal to form a three-dimensional (3D) part on a substrate. A wire is moved relative to a location on the substrate while a laser heats a proximal end of the wire at the location using a laser beam. The laser causes the wire and substrate to reach a melting point of the wire to fuse the wire at the location on the substrate. The wire can be preheated by passing a current through the wire.

A system and method depositing metal to form a three-dimensional (3D) part on a substrate. A wire is moved relative to a location on the substrate while a laser heats a proximal end of the wire at the location using a laser beam. The laser causes the wire and substrate to reach a melting point of the wire to fuse the wire at the location on the substrate. The wire can be preheated by passing a current through the wire.

A method for layer-by-layer manufacturing of a three-dimensional metallic work piece, comprising the steps of: delivering a metallic feed material in a substantially solid state into a feed region; emitting an electron beam; and translating the electron beam through a first predetermined raster pattern frame in an x-y plane. The method may also include monitoring a condition of one or both of the feed region or the substrate region in real time for the occurrence of any deviation from a predetermined condition; upon detecting of any deviation, translating the electron beam through at least one second predetermined raster pattern frame in the x-y plane that maintains the melting beam power density level substantially the same as the first predetermined raster pattern frame, but alters the substrate beam power density level.

A method for layer-by-layer manufacturing of a three-dimensional metallic work piece, comprising the steps of: delivering a metallic feed material in a substantially solid state into a feed region; emitting an electron beam; and translating the electron beam through a first predetermined raster pattern frame in an x-y plane. The method may also include monitoring a condition of one or both of the feed region or the substrate region in real time for the occurrence of any deviation from a predetermined condition; upon detecting of any deviation, translating the electron beam through at least one second predetermined raster pattern frame in the x-y plane that maintains the melting beam power density level substantially the same as the first predetermined raster pattern frame, but alters the substrate beam power density level.

A steel piston with a bushing applied to pin bore surfaces by laser cladding or laser additive manufacturing is provided. The bushing is formed of metal, such as bronze, and metallurgically bonded to the steel of the piston. Thus, the bushing cannot fail by rotating relative to pin bore surfaces. The bushing has a porosity ranging from 0.05% to 5%, based on the total volume of the bushing, and a thickness ranging from 0.07 mm to 6 mm. Since the metal is applied directly to the steel by laser cladding or laser additive manufacturing, the overall size of the piston is reduced, compared to typical pistons with a separate steel backed bushing, and the possibility of bushing rotation is avoided. The bushing also provides scuffing resistance and increased unit load capacity of the pin bore.

A steel piston with a bushing applied to pin bore surfaces by laser cladding or laser additive manufacturing is provided. The bushing is formed of metal, such as bronze, and metallurgically bonded to the steel of the piston. Thus, the bushing cannot fail by rotating relative to pin bore surfaces. The bushing has a porosity ranging from 0.05% to 5%, based on the total volume of the bushing, and a thickness ranging from 0.07 mm to 6 mm. Since the metal is applied directly to the steel by laser cladding or laser additive manufacturing, the overall size of the piston is reduced, compared to typical pistons with a separate steel backed bushing, and the possibility of bushing rotation is avoided. The bushing also provides scuffing resistance and increased unit load capacity of the pin bore.

A severing device for mechanically severing metal-containing 3D objects from a base plate of a 3D printing apparatus is provided. The severing device has at least one first machining unit firmly connectable to the 3D printing apparatus with at least one machining tool which has a working zone which encompasses at least part of an area of the base plate.