A tacrolimus drug-eluting stent manufacturing method according to the present invention enables a tacrolimus drug to be strongly and stably bound onto a stent, while also not necessarily involving a separate step of introducing a surface-binding functional group for the binding of a drug onto a stent and a step of introducing, into the drug, a functional group capable of binding to the surface-binding functional group, and a tacrolimus drug-eluting stent manufactured by the manufacturing method has a greater total drug elution amount and has a more excellent delayed drug-elution property.

A tacrolimus drug-eluting stent manufacturing method according to the present invention enables a tacrolimus drug to be strongly and stably bound onto a stent, while also not necessarily involving a separate step of introducing a surface-binding functional group for the binding of a drug onto a stent and a step of introducing, into the drug, a functional group capable of binding to the surface-binding functional group, and a tacrolimus drug-eluting stent manufactured by the manufacturing method has a greater total drug elution amount and has a more excellent delayed drug-elution property.

An embodiment relates to an ultrasonic additive manufacturing process, comprising joining a foil comprising a bulk metallic glass to a substrate; and forming a cladded composite comprising the foil and the substrate; wherein a thickness of the cladded composite is greater than a critical casting thickness of the bulk metallic glass, wherein the cladded composite comprises a cladding layer of the bulk metallic glass on the substrate and the bulk metallic glass comprises approximately 0% crystallinity, approximately 0% porosity, less than 50 MPa thermal stress, approximately 0% distortion, approximately 0 inch heat affected zone, approximately 0% dilution, and a strength of about 2,000-3,500 MPa.

An embodiment relates to an ultrasonic additive manufacturing process, comprising joining a foil comprising a bulk metallic glass to a substrate; and forming a cladded composite comprising the foil and the substrate; wherein a thickness of the cladded composite is greater than a critical casting thickness of the bulk metallic glass, wherein the cladded composite comprises a cladding layer of the bulk metallic glass on the substrate and the bulk metallic glass comprises approximately 0% crystallinity, approximately 0% porosity, less than 50 MPa thermal stress, approximately 0% distortion, approximately 0 inch heat affected zone, approximately 0% dilution, and a strength of about 2,000-3,500 MPa.

Bonding tools and related systems are provided for surface cleaning and direct bonding. A bonding tool includes a support configured to hold a first element, and is further configured to bond a second element to the first element by way of direct bonding. A laser cleaning assembly is configured to clean the first and/or second element prior to bonding, and can be integrated with the bonding tool. The laser cleaning can also clean surfaces of the bonding tool and/or a robotic end effector for delivering the second element. Methods and sequences for surface cleaning and direct bonding using the systems are also disclosed.

Bonding tools and related systems are provided for surface cleaning and direct bonding. A bonding tool includes a support configured to hold a first element, and is further configured to bond a second element to the first element by way of direct bonding. A laser cleaning assembly is configured to clean the first and/or second element prior to bonding, and can be integrated with the bonding tool. The laser cleaning can also clean surfaces of the bonding tool and/or a robotic end effector for delivering the second element. Methods and sequences for surface cleaning and direct bonding using the systems are also disclosed.

In order to create a laser tool, in particular for the structuring of cylinder running surfaces, that offers the possibility of adjusting the focal position of the laser beam with high process reliability and with high repeatability, it is provided that the laser tool has a laser source for producing laser beams, a collimator for producing a parallel course of the laser beams from the laser source, which are passed through a lens that is located within a rotatable spindle, wherein an optical device for deflecting the laser beams onto a material surface is attached to an end of the spindle facing away from the laser source, wherein the collimator is movable parallel to the laser beam by means of a drive.

In order to create a laser tool, in particular for the structuring of cylinder running surfaces, that offers the possibility of adjusting the focal position of the laser beam with high process reliability and with high repeatability, it is provided that the laser tool has a laser source for producing laser beams, a collimator for producing a parallel course of the laser beams from the laser source, which are passed through a lens that is located within a rotatable spindle, wherein an optical device for deflecting the laser beams onto a material surface is attached to an end of the spindle facing away from the laser source, wherein the collimator is movable parallel to the laser beam by means of a drive.

A method for laser-marking an iron-based sintered body includes a first step of forming with a first laser beam a plurality of dotted recesses with a predetermined depth in an identification mark area of a surface of an iron-based sintered body, and a second step of flattening with a second laser beam the surface within the identification mark area other than the dotted recesses. The first laser beam has an irradiation energy per unit area greater than an irradiation energy per unit area of the second laser beam.

A laser light is used to modify the surface of the gallium semiconductor layer of an LED. The parameters of the laser are selected so that the laser interacts with the gallium semiconductor layer in a desired manner to yield the desired surface properties. For example, if a particular surface roughness is desired, the power of the laser light is selected so that the laser light penetrates the gallium semiconductor layer to a depth matching the desired surface roughness. The same principles can also be applied in a process that creates features such as trenches, pits, lenses, and mirrors on the gallium semiconductor layer of an LED. The laser projector is operated to irradiate a region of the gallium semiconductor layer to create a region of metallic gallium. The desired surface roughness and the different features can advantageously improve the beam collimation, light extraction, and other properties of the LED.