In electric resistance welding for energizing a workpiece formed by superimposing plural metal plates, an energization resistance reduction amount between a pair of electrodes pressurizing the workpiece is detected at a specified time interval during each welding process under a specified welding condition, frequency distribution of the energization resistance reduction amount under the welding condition is calculated on the basis of data relating to the energization resistance reduction amount, the frequency distribution is fitted with a Gaussian function, and occurrence of an expulsion under the welding condition is determined on the basis of whether the fitting is statistically significant.

A welding structure, comprising: a first cover plate (10), a second cover plate (20), web plates (30), and rib plates (40). The first cover plate (10) and the second cover plate (20) are arranged at an interval. Multiple web plates (30) are arranged at intervals in a first direction, and are insertingly fitted to the first cover plate (10) and the second cover plate (20), respectively. Multiple rib plates (40) are arranged at intervals in a second direction, and are insertingly fitted to the first cover plate (10) and the second cover plate (20), respectively. The first direction and the second direction are perpendicular to each other. The web plates (30) and the rib plates (40) are insertingly fitted to each other. According to the welding structure, upper and lower cover plates of a box-shaped structure are insertingly connected and interlocked to form a stable closed box-shaped structure, so that the rigidity of the structure is improved. Also provided are a welding device and a welding method.

A gear box having a carburized shaft and steel bearing assembly. The bearing includes an inner-race and an outer-race. The shaft includes a distal end surface extending perpendicularly from a shaft faying surface and a shaft annular beveled edge. The shaft faying surface is in intimate contact with the inner-race. The inner-race second annular face is coplanar with the distal end surface. The shaft annular beveled edge cooperates with the inner-race faying surface to define a half-V shaped groove. An annular weld joint is formed in the half-V shaped groove thereby joining the shaft to the inner-race. The outer-race includes a first width (W1) and the inner-race includes a second width (W2). W2 is wider than W1 by greater than 0 millimeters (mm) to about 10 mm.

Provided is a welding monitoring apparatus that monitors a welding state of a V-convergence region in which a strip-shaped metal sheet is converged in a V-shape, when the metal sheet is cylindrically formed while being conveyed, and both side edges of the metal sheet are heated and melted in a manner of being butted each other while being converged in the V-shape, such that an electric resistance welded steel pipe is manufactured. This welding monitoring apparatus includes an image capturing unit that captures images of a region including the V-convergence region in time series; and an image processing unit that extracts a welding point based on the images captured in time series and detects the presence or absence and a position of irregular arcing at the welding point or on an upstream side of the welding point.

Systems, apparatus, articles of manufacture, and methods are disclosed to build and/or modify components. An additive manufacturing apparatus comprising: at least one memory; machine-readable instructions; and processor circuitry to execute machine-readable instructions to: deposit a first layer of material, the first layer of material at a first temperature; compress the first layer of material to form a first compressed layer; deposit a second layer of material, the second layer of material at a second temperature, the first compressed layer to include a first crystalline structure; compress the second layer of material into the first layer of material to form a second compressed layer; deposit a third layer of material, the third layer of material at a third temperature, the second compressed layer to include the first crystalline structure; and compress the third layer of material into the second compressed layer to form a third compressed layer.

A laser treatment system and method for imparting beneficial residual stresses into a desired part during production thereof by a Selective Laser Sintering or Melting (SLS/SLM) process, the method including repeatedly subjecting the part to an in-situ Laser Shock Peening (LSP) treatment during the SLS/SLM process. The in-situ LSP treatment includes selectively bringing an LSP module in contact with a surface of the part during the SLS/SLM process, and subjecting the LSP module to the action of a first laser beam to impart beneficial residual stresses into the part. The LSP module is movable between a building chamber where the part is being produced for the purpose of carrying out the in-situ LSP treatment, and a separate storage chamber when the LSP module is not used for the purpose of carrying out the in-situ LSP treatment. The invention is also implementable in a corresponding additive manufacturing system and method.

A method for producing workpiece parts from a plate-shaped workpiece in a processing machine or laser processing machine includes positioning and holding the workpiece on a workpiece support by clamping devices. A plurality of workpiece parts are cut out of the workpiece with a process beam. The process beam is moved relative to the workpiece support by a processing head and/or the workpiece is moved relative to the workpiece support by the clamping devices. A cutting process for processing the workpiece to produce the workpiece parts is interrupted at least once by a relaxation step for the workpiece. During the relaxation step at least one clamping device is released to relax the workpiece. The at least one clamping device is closed following the relaxation and before continuing the cutting process. A data processing program and a processing machine for producing the workpiece parts are also provided.

Provided are a mount system and systems and methods using the mount system for manufacturing objects, especially titanium and titanium alloy objects, by directed energy deposition. The methods include thermally pre-bending the substrate onto which the object is to be manufactured to form a pre-bent substrate, attaching the pre-bent substrate to a jig using the mount system as an underlying support, pre-heating the substrate, and forming the object on the pre-heated, pre-bent substrate using a directed energy deposition technique.