A joint body includes first and second metal members and a joint portion including a welded portion where the first and second metal members are joined together, the welded portion having a line shape. The joint portion includes first and second longitudinal portions and a plurality of connecting portions. The first longitudinal portion has first intersecting portions arranged in a first direction and extends in the first direction. The second longitudinal portion has second intersecting portions arranged in the first direction and extends in the first direction. The welded portion intersects itself at the first and second intersecting portions. The connecting portions are arranged in the first direction. The connecting portions extend in a first direction and connect the first and second longitudinal portions.

Provided is a resistance spot welding method wherein main current passage includes two or more electrode force application steps including a first electrode force application step and a second electrode force application step following the first electrode force application step, an electrode force F.sub.1 in the first electrode force application step and an electrode force F.sub.2 in the second electrode force application step in the main current passage satisfy a relationship F.sub.1>F.sub.2, and an electrode force switching point T.sub.f from the first electrode force application step to the second electrode force application step in the main current passage is set to satisfy predetermined relational formulas.

A method is proposed for producing a packaging, having a method step of microperforation of a flexible material as a packaging film, comprising: provision of the flexible material as a packaging film, transport of the flexible material over a transport section, provision of a laser in order to generate a perforation of the flexible material with its beam. For a packaging with improved gas exchange, a laser system with a wavelength in the range of from 150 nm to 1064 nm, preferably from 355 nm to 532 nm, is used for the laser, and the perforation with the laser is carried out during the movement of the flexible material of the packaging film during the transport.

A manufacturing method for a joint body having a first metal member and a second metal member joined together by causing a laser oscillation system to irradiate a surface of the second metal member placed on the first metal member with laser light to form a joint portion including a welded portion where the first metal member and the second metal member are joined together includes continuously supplying the second metal member while pressing the second metal member against the first metal member, the second metal member being a hoop material, and causing the laser oscillation system to emit the laser light.

A controlled thermal coefficient product manufacturing system and method is disclosed. The disclosed product relates to the manufacture of metallic material product (MMP) having a thermal expansion coefficient (TEC) in a predetermined range. The disclosed system and method provides for a first material deformation (FMD) of the MMP that comprises at least some of a first material phase (FMP) wherein the FMP comprises martensite randomly oriented and a first thermal expansion coefficient (FTC). In response to the FMD at least some of the FMP is oriented in at least one predetermined orientation. Subsequent to deformation, the MMP comprises a second thermal expansion coefficient (STC) that is within a predetermined range and wherein the thermal expansion of the MMP is in at least one predetermined direction. The MMP may be comprised of a second material phase (SMP) that may or may not transform to the FMP in response to the FMD.

A grain-oriented electrical steel plate of an exemplary embodiment of the present invention has a groove formed on a surface, wherein a curvature radius RBb at a position where a depth of the groove is maximum is 0.2 μm to 100 μm, and a curvature radius RSb on the groove surface from the position where the depth of the groove is maximum to a quarter-way position of the depth D of the groove is 4 μm to 130 μm.

The herein disclosed manufacturing method of the electrode plate includes a core body exposed area cutting step for cutting a negative electrode core body exposed area with a laser, on which a negative electrode core body is exposed while a negative electrode active material layer is not provided, so as to form a negative electrode tab. Then, regarding the herein disclosed manufacturing method of the electrode plate, the negative electrode core body includes a first surface and a second surface whose surface roughness is smaller than the first surface, and the laser is irradiated to the first surface. By doing this, it is possible to suppress the sputters from sticking to the second surface, and therefore it is possible to decrease the sticking number of the sputters to the negative electrode tab.

A method and associated system are provided for producing a perforation line between adjacent lottery tickets in an automated production line wherein a substrate having lottery tickets printed thereon is conveyed through a perforation station in the production line. A perforation machine in the line is controlled to define a perforation line between the adjacent lottery tickets. The controlling process includes inputting control variables into a controller associated with the perforation machine, the control variables relating to conditions that determine a desired perforation profile of the perforation line. The controller programs the perforation machine with a specific perforation profile for the perforation line that is generated based on the entered control variables, and changes the perforation profile upon inputting of different values for the control variables. The perforation profile is specifically tailored to the control variables between different ticket production runs, or between tickets in the same ticket production run.

A method and associated system are provided for producing a perforation line between adjacent lottery tickets in an automated production line wherein a substrate having lottery tickets printed thereon is conveyed through a perforation station in the production line prior to being folded into a Z-fold pattern for subsequent packaging. A perforation machine in the line is controlled by a controller for defining the perforation lines, wherein the control process includes determining the perforation lines that correspond to fold lines in the Z-fold pattern and, for these perforation lines, programming the perforation machine to generate a second perforation profile that is different from a first perforation profile of non-fold perforation lines that lie between the fold lines in the Z-fold pattern. The second perforation profile is specifically tailored to produce a stronger perforation line to compensate for weakness induced in the perforation line from being folded.

Method for cutting objects out of an at least partially two-ply web of material by means of a cutting device, wherein two material plies are connected to one another at least partially in a linear, strip-like and/or areal manner. The position of the respective object to be cut out is detected contactlessly on the basis of changes in structure in the material, these being part of the object which arise on account of those regions in the web of material which are connected to one another in a linear, strip-like and/or areal manner. The position of the object is detected in the web of material at least on the basis of previously determined and stored, prominent and spaced-apart geometrical part shapes of those regions of the object which are connected to one another in a linear, strip-like and/or areal manner.