A method for resistance spot welding comprising the following successive steps: —providing at least two steel sheets with thickness (th) comprised between 0.5 and 3 mm, at least one of the sheets being a zinc or zinc-alloy coated steel sheet (A) with a tensile strength (TS) higher than 800 MPa and a total elongation (TEL) such as (TS)×(TEL)>14000 MPa %, wherein the composition of the steel substrate of (A) contains, in weight: 0.05%≤C≤0.4%, 0.3%≤Mn≤8%, 0.010%≤Al≤3%, 0.010%≤Si≤2.09%, with 0.5%≤(Si+Al)≤3.5%, 0.001%≤Cr≤1.0%, 0.001%≤Mo≤0.5% and optionally: 0.005%≤Nb≤0.1%, 0.005%≤V≤0.2%, 0.005%≤Ti≤0.1%, 0.0003%≤B≤0.005%, 0.001%≤Ni≤1.0%, the remainder being Fe and unavoidable impurities, —performing resistance spot welding of the at least two steel sheets for producing a weld with an indentation depth (IDepth) on the surface of said steel sheet (A) such as: 100 μm≤(IDepth)≤18.68 (Zn.sub.sol)−55.1, wherein (IDepth) is in micrometers and wherein Zn.sub.sol is the solubility of Zn in the steel of sheet (A) at 750° C., in weight %.

A reflected beam detection value obtained by detecting a reflected beam of a visible beam generated on a sheet metal or a scattered beam detection value obtained by detecting a scattered beam from an optical component is stored in a storage unit, the reflected beam or the scattered beam being detected at a time when the sheet metal is cut by irradiating the sheet metal with a laser beam under a predetermined processing condition. The reflected beam detection value or the scattered beam detection value stored in the storage unit is registered as a reference value associated with the predetermined processing condition.

In a laser processing apparatus for refining magnetic domains of a grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet by setting a laser beam to be focused on the grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet and scanned in a scanning direction, the laser beam focused on the grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet is linearly polarized light, and an angle between a linear polarization direction and the scanning direction is higher than 45° and equal to or lower than 90°.

An austenitic stainless steel flux cored wire may provide a welded metal having excellent cryogenic temperature toughness; a welded metal from the wire may have excellent cryogenic temperature toughness; and a welding method may involve such wire(s). An austenitic stainless steel flux cored wire in which a flux is filled in a steel-made shell. The flux cored wire may contain Si, Mn, Ni, Cr, C, P, and N in amounts each falling within a specified range relative to the entire mass of the wire, with the remainder made up by Fe and unavoidable impurities, and X.sub.1 is 17.5 to 22.0 inclusive, as calculated by formula (1):

X.sub.1=[Ni].sub.W+0.5×[Cr].sub.W+1.6×[Mn].sub.W+0.5×[Si].sub.W+15×[C].sub.W  (1),

wherein, in formula (1), [Ni].sub.W, [Cr].sub.W, [Mn].sub.W, [Si].sub.W and [C].sub.W represent the contents (% by mass) of Ni, Cr, Mn, Si, and C, relative to the entire mass of the wire.

A joined article includes a first component having a laser-treated surface portion and a second component having a laser-treated surface portion. An adhesive joins the first component to the second component at the treated surface portion. A method of making a joined article form components and a system for making joined articles are also disclosed.

A process for room temperature substrate bonding employs a first substrate substantially transparent to a laser wavelength is selected. A second substrate for mating at an interface with the first substrate is then selected. A transmissivity change at the interface is created and the first and second substrates are mated at the interface. The first substrate is then irradiated with a laser of the transparency wavelength substantially focused at the interface and a localized high temperature at the interface from energy supplied by the laser is created. The first and second substrates immediately adjacent the interface are softened with diffusion across the interface to fuse the substrates.

A roof laser brazing system comprises a side home position jig installed at each of opposite sides of the transferring path of the body in the brazing section, a roof-pressing jig detachably mounted on a handling robot, docked to the side home position jig, and that home-positions and presses the roof panel loaded on the opposite side panels, a brazing assembly mounted on at least one brazing robot in the side home position jig side and that brazes bonding portions between the opposite side panels and the roof panel using a laser as a heat source, and a grinding assembly mounted on the at least one grinding robot in the grinding section and that grinds brazing beads of the bonding portions between the opposite side panels and the roof panel.

A visible light laser system and operation for welding materials together. A blue laser system that forms essentially perfect welds for copper based materials. A blue laser system and operation for welding conductive elements, and in particular thin conductive elements, together for use in energy storage devices, such as battery packs.

Provided is a clad welded pipe or tube that has improved pipe or tube mechanical properties by reducing the width of a weld without its function as a clad pipe or tube being impaired. A clad welded pipe or tube comprises: a first layer made of base metal; and a second layer placed on one surface of the first layer, and made of first cladding metal that is a material different from the base metal, wherein a pipe or tube circumferential length L1 of weld metal at a pipe or tube inner surface and a pipe or tube circumferential length L2 of the weld metal at a pipe or tube outer surface in a weld are each 0.0010 mm or more and 1.0 mm or less, and the base metal is not exposed at a first cladding metal-side surface of the clad welded pipe or tube in the weld.

Provided is a method of resistance spot welding that can inhibit breakage of a high-tensile steel plate without materials being limited. One aspect of the present disclosure is a method of resistance spot welding including welding of a workpiece made of layered steel plates with a resistance spot welding apparatus. The resistance spot welding apparatus includes a first electrode contacting a first steel plate that is a high-tensile steel plate among the steel plates, and a second electrode contacting a second steel plate having less tensile strength than the first steel plate among the steel plates and configured such that the workpiece is interposed between the first electrode and the second electrode. In the welding, the first steel plate is compressed in a direction that intersects a thickness direction of the first steel plate at least from during welding of the workpiece until completion of welding of the workpiece.