A programmable exothermic reaction controller includes input/output control circuitry for inputting and outputting information to/from the controller, processing circuitry including user programmable parameters, wherein the parameters are programmable using the input/output control circuitry and an output connector connectable to an ignitor cable.

A binding machine comprising: a feeding device for feeding a binding element (3) in the form of a wire or strap in a loop around one or more objects to be bound and subsequently retracting the binding element to draw it tightly around said objects; and a laser welding device for forming a welded joint between a section at the leading end of the binding element and an adjoining section at the trailing end of the part (3a) of the binding element fed in a loop around said objects to thereby secure this part of the binding element in a loop around the objects. The laser welding device is configured to apply an identification marking on an outer surface of the binding element by means of a laser beam (14) emitted from a laser welding head of the laser welding device.

The present disclosure provides engineered surfaces that exhibit reduced specular reflection and gloss while still providing a high intensity of reflected light at multiple incident angles. The structured metal surfaces include engineered topography that increases diffuse reflection, leading to a greater intensity of light perceived at multiple viewing angles. A viewer engaging such surfaces is likely to perceive a stronger white reflection of the incident light and an improvement, particularly in orthodontic and other oral applications, of aesthetic appearance. Methods of creating the engineered surfaces and orthodontic articles incorporating the engineered surfaces are also disclosed.

A conductive wire welded structure of which a stator is composed can be obtained using a conductive wire welding method in which a plurality of conductive wires are welded together using a high-frequency induction heating device. This conductive wire welding method involves performing a disposition step in which a plurality of conductive wires are made to intersect and the end of at least one of the conductive wires is disposed at a location that is extended from an intersection portion, and a welding step in which the end of the at least one conductive wire that is at a location extended from the intersection portion is welded outside an induction heating coil by induction heating, and the welded material thereof is solidified at the intersection portion.

A welding apparatus for a controlled welding of steel cord ends. The welding apparatus allows for a controlled welding path from welding period over post-weld period to complete cool-down. In the welding apparatus a direct current source is controlled over time using a programmable controller. By sensing the voltage over the clamps of the welding apparatus and using this as a further input to the programmable controller, a constant power dissipation between the clamps can be achieved in the post-weld period. An associated method for making the weld where during the post-welding period the electric power dissipated between the clamps is held constant. The welds obtained by this procedure have a favourable metallographic structure in that the heat affected zone has more than 50% of pearlite and/or bainite over the total area of that zone.

A bonding apparatus has a bonding tool for bonding a wire to a bonding surface, a bonding tool retainer configured to releasably retain the bonding tool, a bonding tool holder configured to hold at least one bonding tool, a bonding tool manipulator configured to transfer said bonding tool between said bonding tool holder and said bonding tool retainer, and a bonding tool guide configured to guide said bonding tool to be received by said bonding tool retainer during transfer by said bonding tool manipulator.

In the present invention, a flat emitter is formed from emitter material preforms shaped as thin sheets of the emitter material. These sheets are subjected to various levels and/or amounts of mechanical working during their initial formation and are bonded to one another to create a preform having the desired thickness. The preform including the bonded sheets is subsequently worked to shape the preform into the desired configuration for the emitter. The working of the sheets of emitter material utilized to create the preform and the working of the preform to form the emitter provide a highly creep-resistant emitter that significantly improves the operation and useful life of the resulting emitter.

A binding machine comprising: a feeding device for feeding a binding element (3) in the form of a wire or strap around one or more objects and subsequently retracting the binding element to draw it tightly around said objects; and a laser welding device (12) for forming a welded joint between a first section at the leading end of the binding element and an adjoining second section at the trailing end of the part (3a) of the binding element fed around said objects to thereby secure this part of the binding element in a loop around the objects. The laser welding device directs a laser beam onto an area (30) at the trailing end of said second section in order to reduce the tensile strength of the binding element, wherein the feeding device retracts the binding element in order to subject this area to tensile stress and thereby cause the binding element to be broken off.

A manufacturing method of an electric wire bundle includes arranging the conductor core wire of a first electric wire among the plurality of electric wires from which the conductor core wire is exposed at a processing position of a welding machine, arranging a second electric wire of the plurality of electric wires at the processing position so as to align an end position of the conductor core wire of the second electric wire with an end position of the conductor core wire of the first electric wire, performing a welding process to the conductor core wire of the first electric wire and the conductor core wire of the second electric wire by the welding machine to form a preliminary welding portion, and forming the core wire welding portion by repeating processes for all of the plurality of electric wires.

A manufacturing method of an electric wire bundle includes arranging a conductor core wire of a first electric wire at a processing position of a welding machine, arranging a second electric wire at the processing position so as to align an end position of a conductor core wire of the second electric wire with an end position of the conductor core wire of the first electric wire, forming a welding process to the conductor core wire of the first electric wire and the conductor core wire of the second electric wire by the welding machine to form a preliminary welding portion, forming the core wire welding portion by repeating processes for all of the plurality of electric wires, and controlling a magnitude of an energy used in the welding process based on characteristics of conductor core wires to be welded by the welding machine.