Provided is an oriented electrical steel sheet including a groove existing on the surface of the electrical steel sheet and a forsterite layer formed on a part or all of the surface of the electrical steel sheet, in which forsterite which is extended from the forsterite layer and penetrates to a base steel sheet in an anchor form is present on the surface of the side of the groove.

The present application provides a welding assembly and a battery module. The welding assembly includes: a first weldment; and a second weldment, welded and fixed with the first weldment to form a welding seam; where, at least one side of the welding seam is provided with an exhaust channel; and the exhaust channel is located between the first weldment and the second weldment. In the present application, an exhaust gas generated during welding can be discharged from the exhaust channel to prevent it from entering the welding seam to reduce the strength of the welding seam.

The present disclose provides a method of resistance spot welding that can inhibit Liquid Metal Embrittlement-induced cracking in zinc-coated steel plates irrespective of the plate thicknesses. One aspect of the present disclosure provides a method of resistance spot welding that includes welding a workpiece with a resistance spot welding apparatus. The workpiece includes two or more steel plates in an overlapping state. The two or more steel plates include at least one steel plate coated with zinc. The welding includes causing a cooling rate of a high-tensile steel plate among the two or more steel plates to be higher than a cooling rate of an other steel plate among the two or more steel plates. The high-tensile steel plate has a tensile strength higher than a tensile strength of the other steel plate.

A metal-joining structure (100) includes: an iron alloy part (1); an aluminum alloy part (2); and a joining interface layer (3) provided between the iron alloy part (1) and the aluminum alloy part (2). The joining interface layer (3) includes: an iron-silicon solid-solution-phase sublayer (4) in contact with the iron alloy part (1); an aluminum-silicon eutectic-phase sublayer (5) in contact with the aluminum alloy part (2); and a silicon sublayer (6) provided between the iron-silicon solid-solution-phase sublayer (4) and the aluminum-silicon eutectic-phase sublayer (5).

In one embodiment, systems and methods include using an automated laser system to remove a portion of a coating for nutplate installation. An automated laser system comprises a laser scanner and a laser head, wherein the laser head is coupled to the laser scanner. The laser head comprises a containment unit and a vacuum connector wherein the vacuum connector is disposed on a first side of the containment unit. The laser head further comprises a camera system, a light source, a first actuator, and a second actuator all disposed on a top surface of the containment unit. The laser head further comprises an end piece, wherein the second actuator is configured to displace the end piece.

A workpiece of Ti or a Ti alloy includes a surface with a coating layer of titanium nitride. A region of the surface includes a connection zone of a Ti—N solid solution alloy. A second Ti or Ti alloy workpiece is contacted with the connection zone, and a weld joint is formed across the connection zone with a resistance welding process. The weld joint extends into the first Ti workpiece and the second Ti workpiece.

A system may include a powder source; a powder delivery device; an energy delivery device; and a computing device. The computing device may be configured to: control the powder source to deliver metal powder to the powder delivery device; control the powder delivery device to deliver the metal powder to a surface of an abrasive coating; and control the energy delivery device to deliver energy to at least one of the abrasive coating or the metal powder to cause the metal powder to be joined to the abrasive coating.

A friction stir joining device includes a tool, a rotary driver, a linear-movement driver, and a control device. The control device is adapted to (A) dispose so that a first member opposes to the tool, and the first member, a second member and a third member are located in this order, (B) control the linear-movement driver and the rotary driver so that a tip-end part of the tool presses a joined part of a to-be-joined object while the tool is rotated, (C) control the linear-movement driver and the rotary driver so that the third member softened extends above an upper surface of the second member, and the tip-end part of the tool reaches a first position, and (D) control the linear-movement driver and the rotary driver so that the tool is drawn out from the joined part while the tool is rotated.

Disclosed is a welded member for plated steel plate having excellent weld zone porosity resistance and fatigue properties and a method of manufacturing the same. The welded member for plated steel plate having excellent weld zone porosity resistance and fatigue properties according to an embodiment of the present invention comprises a weld metal portion formed by arc welding and overlapping a first member and a laminated second member so as to partially overlap the first member, wherein the toe angle (θ) of the weld metal portion is 45° or less, and the first member and the second member are plated steel plates.

An apparatus for producing an optically variable film includes a laser configured to emit a beam, a telescoping lens section having a first lens and a second lens spaced apart by a first distance and an interferometer configured to direct the beam toward a workpiece. The laser may be operated at a predetermined power level and the first and second lenses are sized and spaced relative to one another to direct the beam onto the workpiece at about 200-230 dots per inch. The workpiece may include a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer configured to be ablated by the beam, forming a microstructure in the surface of the layer. The microstructure may be randomized and used to present non-chroma visual effects.