A method of machining includes removing material from a target region of a ceramic component to form a blind opening in the ceramic component via removing a bulk of the material by a laser machining operation and then removing a remainder of the material by a mechanical machining operation.

The present invention relates to a composite container comprising a bottom film layer and a top film layer at least partially adhered to the bottom film layer. The top film layer is scored to form at least one resealable flap and at least one pull tab which is not adhered to the bottom film layer. The bottom film layer comprises at least one cavity opening. A cardboard layer is adhered on its lower surface to the upper surface of the top film layer, wherein the cardboard layer has at least one cavity opening which is substantially aligned with the scoring of the top film layer resealable flap and the cardboard layer is perforated to define a perimeter of at least one pull tab which is substantially aligned with and adhered, on its underside, to the upper surface of the top film layer pull tab.

Laser welding methods include focusing laser radiation onto a first metal sheet disposed on a metal part, optionally with one or more intervening metal sheets therebetween. The laser radiation is steered to trace at least one spiral path to spot-weld together the metal parts. The laser radiation includes a center beam and an annular beam to maintain a stable keyhole. One method is tailored to weld aluminum parts, e.g., with high gas content and/or dissimilar compositions, and the laser radiation traces first an outward spiral path and then an inward spiral path. The center beam is pulsed during one segment of the inward spiral path. Another method is tailored to weld steel or copper parts having a coating at an interface therebetween, and the laser radiation traces an inward spiral path. The interface may be a zero-gap interface, or a non-zero gap may exist.

A laser crystallization device includes: a first solid-state laser generator which generates a first solid-state laser having a first energy intensity; a second solid-state laser generator which generates a second solid-state laser having a second energy intensity lower than the first energy intensity; and a third solid-state laser generator which generates a third solid-state laser having a third energy intensity lower than the first energy intensity.

A reinforcement beam for an automotive component is continuously formed with a metal sheet that is roll formed to have at least one tubular portion that extends along a length of the reinforcement beam. A solid state forge weld is formed between an edge of the metal sheet and an intermediate portion of the metal sheet to close a seam that extends along the tubular portion of the reinforcement beam. Prior to forming the solid state forge weld, select portions of the metal sheet are heated to a desirable welding temperature with a high frequency current delivered by electrical contacts to opposing sides of the weld seam. The desired welding temperature may burn off a galvanized coating on the metal sheet at the select portions prior to forming the solid state forge weld that is generally void of zinc inclusions.

A multi-tubular beam for a vehicle, such as a vehicle structure or a bumper reinforcement, includes an elongated beam formed with a metal sheet. The metal sheet has a central section and outer sections extending along a length of the metal sheet. The outer sections are disposed in opposing directions from the outer edges of the central section to provide adjacent first and second tubular portions. The central section forms a common center wall between the adjacent first and second tubular portions. A first edge portion of the metal sheet is disposed along and in parallel alignment with the center wall. The first edge portion is attached to the center wall at a first weld joint to form the first tubular portion. The first weld joint includes a weld material that extends through a thickness of the center wall and into a thickness of the first edge portion.

An apparatus for producing an optically variable film includes a laser configured to emit a beam, a telescoping lens section having a first lens and a second lens spaced apart by a first distance and an interferometer configured to direct the beam toward a workpiece. The laser may be operated at a predetermined power level and the first and second lenses are sized and spaced relative to one another to direct the beam onto the workpiece at about 200-230 dots per inch. The workpiece may include a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer configured to be ablated by the beam, forming a microstructure in the surface of the layer. The microstructure may be randomized and used to present non-chroma visual effects.

A hot formed joined blank includes a first metal blank having an ultimate tensile strength of ≥about 1300 MPa to ≤about 2000 MPa and defining a first surface, a second metal blank having an ultimate tensile strength of ≥about 400 MPa to ≤about 1200 MPa and defining a second coated surface having a coating disposed thereon. The coating includes aluminum and silicon or in alternative variations, zinc. A third surface of the second metal blank is joined to the first surface of the first metal blank to form the hot formed joined blank. A weld nugget is disposed along a boundary between the first and second metal blanks that is configured to join the first and second metal blanks, where the weld nugget optionally includes less than or equal to about 1.5 weight percent aluminum or a microstructure comprising austenite and delta-ferrite.

A process system is a process system performing a processing process on an object by irradiating at least a part of the object with processing light from a processing light source, and includes a combining optical system combining optical path of measurement light from a measurement light source and optical path of the processing light from the processing light source; an irradiation optical system irradiating the object with the processing light and the measurement light from the combining optical system; a position change apparatus changing a relative positional relationship between the object and a light concentration position of the processing light from the irradiation optical system; an light reception apparatus receiving, through the irradiation optical system, light generated by the measurement light with which a surface of the object is irradiated; and a control apparatus controlling the position change apparatus by using output from the light reception apparatus.

The present disclosure provides a numerical simulation method of pulsed laser paint removal and a use thereof. This method establishes a three-dimensional (3D) temperature field model by ANSYS software to perform a numerical simulation of nanosecond pulsed laser paint removal. A high-speed moving pulsed laser is loaded on a surface of the model in a form of heat flux, and a coordinate system is moved to realize loading on different paths. A special surface mesh screening method is used to realize loading on any surface, and it ensures that laser energy distribution on a material surface is in line with reality. In addition, an element birth/death technology is combined to remove an element that exceeds a threshold, so as to intuitively present the surface morphology after laser paint removal. The present disclosure can realize the prediction of the contour of a paint layer ablated by a pulsed laser.