A golf club head includes a heel portion, a toe portion, a hosel, and a striking face. The striking face includes a plurality of scorelines each having an average depth no less than about 0.10 mm, a plurality of micro-grooves each having an average depth no greater than about 0.010 mm, and a plurality of textured surface treatment regions superimposed on the micro-grooves so as to at least partially intersect the micro-grooves.

A joined body 20 includes a porous ceramic 22 made of porous ceramic, a metal member 24 made of a metal, and a joint 30 formed of an oxide ceramic that penetrates into pores 23 of the porous ceramic 22 and joins the porous ceramic 22 to the metal member 24. The penetration depth of the oxide ceramic into the pores of the porous ceramic is preferably 10 m or more, and more preferably 15 to 50 m. The joined body 20 may be produced through a joining step of forming a joint by placing a metal raw material between a porous ceramic and a metal member and firing the metal raw material in the air at a temperature in the range of 400 C. to 900 C., where an oxide ceramic produced by oxidation of the metal raw material penetrates into the pores of the porous ceramic in the joint.

A weld joint includes a first component of a first material and a second component of a ductile second material dissimilar from the first material. A planar face of the first component abuts a planar face of the second component. A V shaped weld groove is created in the first component defining a first groove end where a substantially planar groove face of the first component intersects a plane defined by the planar face of the second component below an end face of the second component. A slot is created below the groove end in the planar face of the second component having a closed end facing toward the end face of the second component and extending away from the planar face of the second component at an angle measured with respect to a central longitudinal axis of the slot.

Solid-state joining of preformed features, such as bosses, flanges, gaskets, centralizers and other features to substrates or cast parts by a solid-state MELD additive manufacturing process is disclosed. Joining can be between same or different materials using same, similar or dissimilar filler material than the materials of the feature and the part that need to be joined.

A high temperature iron-chromium-aluminium (FeCrAl) alloy tube extending along a longitudinal axis, wherein the tube is formed from a continuous strip of a high temperature FeCrAl alloy and comprises a helical welded seam. The high temperature FeCrAl alloy tube is manufactured by feeding a continuous strip of the high temperature FeCrAl alloy toward a tube shaping station, helically winding the strip such that long edges of the strip abut each other and a rotating tube moving forward in a direction parallel to its longitudinal axis is formed, and continuously joining said abutting long edges together in a welding process directly when the tube is formed, whereby a welded tube comprising a helical welded seam is obtained.

The invention provides methods of making laminated devices (especially microchannel devices) in which plates are assembled and welded together. Unlike conventional microchannel devices, the inventive laminated devices can be made without brazing or diffusion bonding; thus providing significant advantages for manufacturing. Features such as expansion joints and external welded supports are also described. Laminated devices and methods of conducting unit operations in laminated devices are also described.

A reaction plate for a clutch including an annular body, the annular body including an inner circumferential edge, an outer circumferential edge, a first surface between the inner and outer circumferential edges and facing a first axial direction and a second surface between the inner and outer circumferential surfaces and facing a second axial direction, the second surface including recesses covering at least 50 percent of the second surface. A clutch assembly including a friction plate, the friction plate having a first axially-facing surface including a friction material, a reaction plate, the reaction plate having a second axially-facing surface including recesses covering at least 50 percent of the second axially-facing surface and an actuation means arranged to displace the friction plate or the reaction plate such that the first and second axially-facing surfaces frictionally engage. A method of fabricating a reaction plate for a clutch.

Provided in one embodiment is a method of forming a connection mechanism in or on a bulk-solidifying amorphous alloy by casting in or on, or forming with the bulk-solidifying amorphous alloy, a machinable metal. The connection mechanism can be formed by machining the machinable metal.

Additive friction stir methods for joining materials are provided. The methods comprise providing first and second substrates to be joined; providing a forming plate comprising one or more forming cavities; placing the first and second substrates in communication with the forming plate; placing the first and second substrates in communication with each other; rotating and translating an additive friction-stir tool relative to the substrates; feeding a filler material through the additive friction-stir tool; deforming the filler material and the first and second substrates; and extruding one or more of the filler material and the first and second substrates into one or more of the forming cavities of the forming plate. Interaction of the additive friction-stir tool with the substrates generates heat and plastic deformation at the joint to weld the substrates at the joint. The methods include introduction of reinforcing material at the joint through addition of the filler material.

A friction stir welding equipment according to an embodiment includes a spindle unit, a holder, and a moving part; the spindle unit is capable of rotating a tool; the holder is connectable to the tool via a radial bearing and is capable of holding at least one of a side surface of a processing member or a rim of an upper surface of the processing member; and the moving part is capable of changing relative positions of the tool and the holder with respect to the processing member.