A golf club head includes a heel portion, a toe portion, a hosel, and a striking face. The striking face includes a plurality of scorelines each having an average depth no less than about 0.10 mm, a plurality of micro-grooves each having an average depth no greater than about 0.010 mm, and a plurality of textured surface treatment regions superimposed on the micro-grooves so as to at least partially intersect the micro-grooves.

A fabricated article includes a substrate and one or more turbulators formed on the substrate. Each of the one or more turbulators includes at least one root portion providing a concave transition between the substrate and the turbulator. In some embodiments, the fabricated article is formed by a turbulator fabrication process. The turbulator fabrication process includes concurrently directing the first fusion energy toward a first side of the turbulator material extending from the substrate and the second fusion energy toward a second side of the turbulator material opposite the first side and extending from the substrate. The directing of the first fusion energy and the second fusion energy shapes the first side of the turbulator material to have a first contour and the second side of the turbulator material to have a second contour, thereby forming the one or more turbulators on the substrate.

A method for joining materials using additive friction stir techniques is provided. The method joins a material to a substrate, especially where the material to be joined and the substrate are dissimilar metals. One such method comprises (a) providing a substrate with one or more grooves; (b) rotating and translating an additive friction-stir tool relative to the substrate; (c) feeding a filler material through the additive friction-stir tool; and (d) depositing the filler material into the one or more grooves of the substrate. Translation and rotation of the tool causes heating and plastic deformation of the filler material, which flows into the grooves of the substrate resulting in an interlocking bond between the substrate and filler material. In embodiments, the depositing of the filler material causes deformation of the grooves in the substrate and an interlocking configuration between the grooves of the substrate and the filler material results.

A welding apparatus radiates a laser beam to a welding position in a state where a focal spot of the laser beam is in a near-focusing state. The welding apparatus radiates the laser beam to the welding position in a state where the focal spot of the laser beam is in a far-focusing state. The welding apparatus radiates the laser beam to the welding position in the state where the focal spot of the laser beam is in the far-focusing state. The welding apparatus radiates the laser beam to the welding position in a state where the focal spot of the laser beam is in the near-focusing state.

An additive manufacturing system includes an additive manufacturing tool configured to supply a plurality of droplets to a part, a temperature control device configured to control a temperature of the part, and a controller configured to control the composition, formation, and application of each droplet to the plurality of droplets to the part independent from control of the temperature. of the part via the temperature control device. The plurality of droplets is configured to build up the part. Each droplet of the plurality of droplets includes at least one metallic anchoring material.

A laser beam shaping device includes a multi-zone structure lens and a focusing lens. The multi-zone structure lens includes a lens body and a refractive structure. The lens body has an incident plane and an emission plane, and one of the incident plane and the emission plane is furnished with the refractive structure. The light source passing through the refractive structure deviates and leaves the lens body via the emission plane. The light source passing through the lens body is divided into N sets of light beams. After the N sets of light beams penetrate through the focusing lens, N set of incident beams are formed to project the interface of the first material and the second material in an oblique inward manner with respect to the optical axis of the focusing lens. In additional, a laser processing system and a laser interlocking welding structure respectively are also provided.

A golf club head includes a heel portion, a toe portion, a hosel, and a striking face. The striking face includes a plurality of scorelines each having an average depth no less than about 0.10 mm, a plurality of micro-grooves each having an average depth no greater than about 0.010 mm, and a plurality of textured surface treatment regions superimposed on the micro-grooves so as to at least partially intersect the micro-grooves.

Present embodiments include an additive manufacturing tool configured to receive a metallic anchoring material and to supply a plurality of droplets to a part, wherein each droplet of the plurality of droplets comprises the metallic anchoring material and a mechanical oscillation system configured to mechanically oscillate a structural component of the additive manufacturing tool toward and away from the part, wherein the mechanical oscillation system comprises a motor, a cam coupled to the motor, and a piston coupled to the cam, wherein the piston is fixedly attached to the structural component.

Additive friction stir methods for joining materials are provided. The methods comprise providing first and second substrates to be joined; providing a forming plate comprising one or more forming cavities; placing the first and second substrates in communication with the forming plate; placing the first and second substrates in communication with each other; rotating and translating an additive friction-stir tool relative to the substrates; feeding a filler material through the additive friction-stir tool; deforming the filler material and the first and second substrates; and extruding one or more of the filler material and the first and second substrates into one or more of the forming cavities of the forming plate. Interaction of the additive friction-stir tool with the substrates generates heat and plastic deformation at the joint to weld the substrates at the joint. The methods include introduction of reinforcing material at the joint through addition of the filler material.

A method for moving a packed column section about a remote manufacturing yard is provided. In one embodiment, the packed column section can include a first course, a second course, packing disposed within the first course and second course, and a plurality of distributors. The method can include the steps of placing the packed column section on top of a movable platform, the movable platform configured to support and distribute the weight of the packed column section; and moving the packed column section from a first point to a second point, the second point being in an open area adapted for stacking a plurality of packed column sections on top of each other to form a column.