A reaction plate for a clutch including an annular body, the annular body including an inner circumferential edge, an outer circumferential edge, a first surface between the inner and outer circumferential edges and facing a first axial direction and a second surface between the inner and outer circumferential surfaces and facing a second axial direction, the second surface including recesses covering at least 50 percent of the second surface. A clutch assembly including a friction plate, the friction plate having a first axially-facing surface including a friction material, a reaction plate, the reaction plate having a second axially-facing surface including recesses covering at least 50 percent of the second axially-facing surface and an actuation means arranged to displace the friction plate or the reaction plate such that the first and second axially-facing surfaces frictionally engage. A method of fabricating a reaction plate for a clutch.

A method for forming three-dimensional anchoring structures on a surface is provided. This may result in a thermal barrier coating system exhibiting enhanced adherence for its constituent coatings. The method involves applying a laser beam (10) to a surface (12) of a solid material (14) to form a liquefied bed (16) on the surface of the solid material, then applying a pulse of laser energy (18) to a portion of the liquefied bed to cause a disturbance, such as a splash (20) or a wave (25) of liquefied material outside the liquefied bed. A three-dimensional anchoring structure (22) may thus be formed on the surface upon solidification of the splash or wave of liquefied material.

A piston main body in a piston assembly of a fluid pressure cylinder includes a first piston member and a second piston member including a plate-shaped member. The first piston member and the second piston member are joined in a state overlapping in the axial direction of a piston rod. The second piston member is not provided with a hole that passes through in the plate thickness direction.

A tool for forming a shaped product has a support body that is fabricated from a first material, such as for instance cast iron. The first material defines a first portion of a forming surface of the tool and has a feature supported thereon. The feature has a layer of a second material that is supported on the first material of the support body, a layer of a third material that is supported on the layer of the second material and a layer of a fourth material that is supported on the layer of the third material. The layer of the fourth material, such as for instance a tool steel alloy, defines a second portion of the forming surface of the tool. During use the first portion of the forming surface and the second portion of the forming surface cooperate to form a desired shape of the shaped product.

A bonded structure is made of a first member and a second member which are bonded to each other. At least one bore having an opening is formed in a surface of the first member, and the second member is filled in the bore of the first member. The bore is defined by a diameter-increasing portion whose opening size increases in a depth direction from a surface side toward a bottom of the first member, and a first diameter-decreasing portion whose opening size decreases in the depth direction from the surface side toward the bottom. The diameter-increasing portion is formed on the surface side, and the first diameter-decreasing portion is formed on a bottom side.

A joint structure according to an embodiment of the present invention is provided with: a first member that is made of a metal material and has a plurality of holes having an opening diameter of 30-100 μm formed in a surface thereof; a third member that is made of a metal material the same as or different from that of the first member, or a thermoplastic resin, and that has a plurality of independent holes having an opening diameter of 30-100 μm formed in a surface thereof; and a second member that is made of a curable resin and joins the surface of the first member in which the holes are formed and the surface of the third member in which the holes are formed.

Novel High-Entropy Alloy (HEA) compositions are particularly suited to welding applications. The mixtures contain at least the elements nickel, manganese, cobalt, chromium, vanadium, molybdenum, and iron. The % weight of the constituents varies in accordance with the detailed description contained herein, with tolerances in the range of ±4% for major alloying elements and ±1% for minor alloying elements. The mixture may also contain a small amount of Aluminum, Titanium, and Boron with a tolerance in the range of +/−1% or, more preferably, +/−0.5% In accordance with the invention, the compositions above may be integrated into HEA welding products using cored wire and welding electrode manufacturing techniques, preferably starting with vacuum melted rolled alloys. One manufacturing process uses the compositions as an alloyed strip formed around the appropriate ground/crushed alloys to make commercially viable fabricated welding products.

The present invention relates to a flux-cored wire which can be used for straight-polarity gas-shielded arc welding, wherein a flux contains one or several types of metal compound powders and, when one or several metal elements constituting the metal compound powders are formed into stable compounds under a high-temperature environment, the relationship between the weighted geometric mean value (Φ) of the work functions of the stable compounds and the wire diameter (D) of the flux-cored wire satisfies the following formula: {1.00≤Φ≤−0.0908D.sup.2+0.5473D+1.547}.

A method of joining two ferrous alloy component parts. The method includes hot metal casting a portion of a first ferrous alloy component part onto a first joining surface of a low carbon intermediate element; friction fitting a joining surface of a second ferrous alloy component part against a second joining surface of the low carbon intermediate element; and fusion welding with a concentrated energy source the intermediate element to the second ferrous alloy component part. The hot metal casting includes flowing a molten ferrous alloy onto the textured first joining surface, wherein the molten ally encompasses tabs extending from the first joining surface and filling apertures defined in the intermediate element. Then cooling the molten ferrous alloy such that a metallurgical and mechanical bond is formed between the portion of the first ferrous alloy component part and the first joining surface of the low carbon intermediate element.

A method of manufacturing a deposition mask includes: a splitting process in which a laser beam irradiated from a light source is split into a plurality of laser beams; a scanning process in which the plurality of laser beams are simultaneously scanned onto the mask substrate; and a tuning process in which irradiation states of the plurality of laser beams are finely changed to correspond to shapes of the plurality of pattern holes while the plurality of laser beams are scanned.