A multiple heat source-type preheating device for a machining apparatus is provided. The multiple heat source-type preheating device for a machining apparatus includes a first heat source provision module and a second heat source provision module. The first heat source provision module is installed to be moved along a portion of a material to be machined along with a spindle adapted to rotate a tool at high speed, and is configured to preheat the portion of the material to be machined by providing a heat source thereto. The second heat source provision module is installed to be moved along with the first heat source provision module, and is configured to preheat the portion of the material to be machined by providing a heat source thereto while preceding or following the first heat source provision module.

The present application provides a combined additive manufacturing and machining system. The combined additive manufacturing and machining system may include an outer chamber, an additive manufacturing tool positioned within the outer chamber, a machining tool positioned within the outer chamber, and a cryogenic fluid source in communication with the machining tool.

A machine for machining a workpiece having a first central longitudinal axis passing through a workpiece plane that is disposed orthogonally relative to the first central longitudinal axis is provided. The machine includes a chuck or fixture on which the workpiece is disposable, a grinding spindle having a body, a wheel supporting an abrasive and an insulator electrically isolating the wheel from the body, the wheel being operable to remove material from the workpiece, the grinding spindle having a second central longitudinal axis about which the grinding spindle rotates, the second central longitudinal axis of the grinding spindle passing through the workpiece in the workpiece plane so as to create a continuous gear tooth on the workpiece and an electrochemical grinding (ECG) element configured to execute ECG processing on the grinding spindle and the workpiece to soften the workpiece as the gear tooth is being created by the grinding spindle.

A machine for machining a workpiece having a first central longitudinal axis passing through a workpiece plane that is disposed orthogonally relative to the first central longitudinal axis is provided. The machine includes a chuck or fixture on which the workpiece is disposable, a grinding spindle having a body, a wheel supporting an abrasive and an insulator electrically isolating the wheel from the body, the wheel being operable to remove material from the workpiece, the grinding spindle having a second central longitudinal axis about which the grinding spindle rotates, the second central longitudinal axis of the grinding spindle passing through the workpiece in the workpiece plane so as to create a continuous gear tooth on the workpiece and an electrochemical grinding (ECG) element configured to execute ECG processing on the grinding spindle and the workpiece to soften the workpiece as the gear tooth is being created by the grinding spindle.

The present application provides a combined additive manufacturing and machining system. The combined additive manufacturing and machining system may include an outer chamber, an additive manufacturing tool positioned within the outer chamber, a machining tool positioned within the outer chamber, and a cryogenic fluid source in communication with the machining tool.

Studs, nodes, and study assembly systems formed by various methods are disclosed. Various disclosed methods include cold spraying a powder onto a substrate to form a node on the substrate and drilling a hole only into the node. Various disclosed methods include cold spraying a powder onto a substrate to form a node and machining the node to form a stud.

A machine for machining a workpiece having a central longitudinal axis is provided. The machine includes a chuck or fixture on which the workpiece is disposable, a grinding spindle to remove material from the workpiece, the grinding spindle having a central longitudinal axis about which the grinding spindle rotates and being disposed with the central longitudinal axes intersecting one another so as to create a continuous gear tooth on the workpiece and an electrochemical grinding (ECG) element configured to execute ECG processing on the grinding spindle and the workpiece to soften the workpiece as the gear tooth is being created by the grinding spindle.