Foam items may be buffed using particles such as particulate sodium bicarbonate in accordance with the present invention. Foam items may be, for example, expanded EVA foam items pre-formed into an intermediate size and shape. A skin layer may be formed during the expansion of the foam item to form an expanded foam item which may be entirely or partially removed by buffing the item using particles projected with selected buffing parameters. The buffing parameters may be varied based upon the thickness of at least a portion of the skin layer and/or the desired degree of moldability for the foam item after buffing. Particulate sodium bicarbonate or other types of particles used for buffing may be recycled and reused for further buffing of foam items.

To impart antiglare properties without reducing the amount of transmitted light, a method for processing a surface of light-transmitting-glass according to the present invention comprises a blasting step of ejecting abrasive grains with particle sizes of #800 to #3000 (average particle diameter 14 μm to 4 μm) such as WA (white alundum: high-purity alumina) having higher hardness than that of the glass onto a light-receiving surface of the glass having light-transmitting property to be processed for forming indentations and protrusions in the light-receiving surface of the glass, and after the blasting step, a hydrofluoric acid treatment step of immersing the light-receiving surface of the glass into a hydrofluoric acid solution in 10% to 20% concentration for 30 to 600 seconds thereby increase a height (amplitude) of indentations and protrusions of the surface of light-transmitting-glass.

To impart antiglare properties without reducing the amount of transmitted light, a method for processing a surface of light-transmitting-glass according to the present invention comprises a blasting step of ejecting abrasive grains with particle sizes of #800 to #3000 (average particle diameter 14 μm to 4 μm) such as WA (white alundum: high-purity alumina) having higher hardness than that of the glass onto a light-receiving surface of the glass having light-transmitting property to be processed for forming indentations and protrusions in the light-receiving surface of the glass, and after the blasting step, a hydrofluoric acid treatment step of immersing the light-receiving surface of the glass into a hydrofluoric acid solution in 10% to 20% concentration for 30 to 600 seconds thereby increase a height (amplitude) of indentations and protrusions of the surface of light-transmitting-glass.

An abrasive blasting system has an abrasive container or pot, preferably with a downwardly conically shaped interior bottom surface. A slurry delivery tube is positioned within the pot, with an open bottom end positioned at an operative distance above the bottom of the pot. The slurry delivery tube runs vertically upward and exits the pot, ultimately running to a hose and nozzle. With an abrasive slurry of solid particulate abrasive media and water inside the pot, air pressure is applied within the pot. When a relatively lower pressure is created in the slurry delivery tube, the resulting pressure differential moves the slurry downward within the pot, then upward through the slurry delivery tube, through the hose and ultimately to the nozzle, where it is directed by an operator onto a workpiece. The system is especially useful when using very fine abrasive material.

In an embodiment a method includes providing a workpiece, attaching a marking to the workpiece such that the marking is integrally bonded to the workpiece, wherein attaching the marking includes applying at least one raw material for the marking, heating the workpiece with the at least one raw material such that the marking is formed from the at least one raw material and performing a surface treatment of the workpiece at least in an area with the marking, wherein performing the surface treatment includes shot peening, sand blasting or material-removing etching against which the marking is resistant to, wherein the marking remains readable on the workpiece at least until after performing the surface treatment, and wherein the marking has, in at least a part of a near ultraviolet, a visible and/or a near-infrared spectral range relative to the workpiece, at least one of a degree of reflection difference, a reflectance difference or an albedo difference of at least 10 percentage points.

In an embodiment a method includes providing a workpiece, attaching a marking to the workpiece such that the marking is integrally bonded to the workpiece, wherein attaching the marking includes applying at least one raw material for the marking, heating the workpiece with the at least one raw material such that the marking is formed from the at least one raw material and performing a surface treatment of the workpiece at least in an area with the marking, wherein performing the surface treatment includes shot peening, sand blasting or material-removing etching against which the marking is resistant to, wherein the marking remains readable on the workpiece at least until after performing the surface treatment, and wherein the marking has, in at least a part of a near ultraviolet, a visible and/or a near-infrared spectral range relative to the workpiece, at least one of a degree of reflection difference, a reflectance difference or an albedo difference of at least 10 percentage points.

A substrate treating method may include jetting a fluid containing an abrasive onto a substrate, and polishing the substrate using the jetted fluid.

A substrate treating method may include jetting a fluid containing an abrasive onto a substrate, and polishing the substrate using the jetted fluid.

An aluminum member includes: a substrate formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy that contains 0 to 10% by mass of magnesium, 0.1% by mass or less of iron, and 0.1% by mass or less of silicon and a balance of which is aluminum and unavoidable impurities; and an anodic oxide coating formed on a surface of the substrate. A surface of the substrate on the anodic oxide coating side has an arithmetical mean height Sa of 0.1 to 0.5 μm, a maximum height Sz of 0.2 to 5 μm, and an mean width of roughness profile elements Rsm of 0.5 to 10 μm, where the arithmetical mean height Sa, the maximum height Sz, and the mean width of roughness profile elements Rsm are measured after the anodic oxide coating is removed.

An aluminum member includes: a substrate formed of aluminum or an aluminum alloy that contains 0 to 10% by mass of magnesium, 0.1% by mass or less of iron, and 0.1% by mass or less of silicon and a balance of which is aluminum and unavoidable impurities; and an anodic oxide coating formed on a surface of the substrate. A surface of the substrate on the anodic oxide coating side has an arithmetical mean height Sa of 0.1 to 0.5 μm, a maximum height Sz of 0.2 to 5 μm, and an mean width of roughness profile elements Rsm of 0.5 to 10 μm, where the arithmetical mean height Sa, the maximum height Sz, and the mean width of roughness profile elements Rsm are measured after the anodic oxide coating is removed.