A robot includes a first joint and a second joint positioned on a base end side from the first joint. A first speed reducer is incorporated in the first joint. A second speed reducer is incorporated in the second joint. A volume proportion of a resin occupying a constituent member of the first speed reducer is larger than a volume proportion of a resin occupying a constituent member of the second speed reducer.

A robot includes a first joint and a second joint positioned on a base end side from the first joint. A first speed reducer is incorporated in the first joint. A second speed reducer is incorporated in the second joint. A volume proportion of a resin occupying a constituent member of the first speed reducer is larger than a volume proportion of a resin occupying a constituent member of the second speed reducer.

A linkage assembly to connect a tool to a robotic device. The linkage assembly includes a body and a first linkage pair with first and second links that are configured to be connected to a first section of the tool. The linkage assembly also includes a second linkage pair that includes first and second links that are configured to be connected to a second section of the tool. The first linkage pair are powered to provide a force to move the tool relative to the body. The second linkage pair supports the tool and moves with the first linkage pair. Each of the first and second linkage pairs are pivotally connected to the body and may maintain parallel positioning during the movement.

A linkage assembly to connect a tool to a robotic device. The linkage assembly includes a body and a first linkage pair with first and second links that are configured to be connected to a first section of the tool. The linkage assembly also includes a second linkage pair that includes first and second links that are configured to be connected to a second section of the tool. The first linkage pair are powered to provide a force to move the tool relative to the body. The second linkage pair supports the tool and moves with the first linkage pair. Each of the first and second linkage pairs are pivotally connected to the body and may maintain parallel positioning during the movement.

Gripper structures can be used to conform to and support complex surfaces. For example, a system described herein can include a gripper structure. The gripper structure can include a plurality of iterations in a series of layers. The series of layers can be arranged in a progression in which each successive layer is adjacent to a preceding layer. The series of layers can include an anchor layer including a single shape of the pattern. The series of layers can include intermediate layers including a plurality of shapes that are copies of the single shape and are more numerous and smaller than shapes in its preceding layer. The series of layers can include a base layer including the most and smallest shapes in the series of layers. The series of layers can also include a plurality of joints. Each shape on the base layer can include an adhesion promoting mechanism.

An arm joint is provided with a first coupling part with a first axis and a second coupling part with a second axis. Further, the arm joint includes a third coupling part connected in a manner rotatable around a third axis with the first coupling part. The third axis includes an angle with the first axis in the range of 30-60 degrees, preferably of 45 degrees. The third coupling part is connected in a manner rotatable around a fourth axis with the second coupling part. The fourth axis includes an angle with the second axis in the range of 30-60 degrees, preferably of 45 degrees. The third and the fourth axis mutually include an angle in the range of 60-120 degrees, preferably of 90 degrees. A robot arm with a number, preferably three, of such arm joints is also disclosed.

Mechanisms or apparatus convert a number of inputs via a number of input members into a number of output movements of an output structure, providing control in three degrees-of-freedom (DOF), for example control over roll, pitch and yaw of the output structure. Inputs may be rotations about a common axis of rotation, for example via a first ring, a second ring, and one or more plates, concentrically array. Rotation of the first ring may control a first DOF, rotation of the first ring may control a second DOF, and rotation of the plate may control all three DOF. Three concentrically arrayed tubular shafts may be employed, providing a through-passage or cable fluid conduit run to accommodate wires, optical fibers, fluid carrying conduits. Such may be particularly advantageous when employed as part of a robot, or other device with a tool or sensor or transducer located at or proximate a distal end thereof.

A robotic medical system can include a motorized arm that is supported by a column of the system. The robotic arm can be operated by rotating a link of the motorized arm by actuating an actuator to drive rotation of a rotary joint. A brake can then be applied to the rotary joint to stop rotation of the link. The arm can also include an arbor that can be actuated to increase a torsional stiffness of the rotary joint.

A robot wrist structure includes: a case, a first motor, a second motor, a first transmission mechanism, a second transmission mechanism, a first driving bevel gear, a second driving bevel gear, a driven bevel gear, a retaining fame, and an output connecting member; wherein the first motor and the second motor are mounted on the case, the first driving bevel gear, the second driving bevel gear and the driven bevel gear are respectively rotatably mounted in the retaining frame, the first driving bevel gear and the second driving bevel gear are both in mesh with the driven bevel gear, the first motor is connected to the first driving bevel gear by the first transmission mechanism, the second motor is connected to the second driving bevel gear by the second transmission mechanism, and the output connecting member is fixedly connected to the driven bevel gear.

A robot wrist structure includes a first wrist element that is supported by a forearm in a rotatable manner about a first axis; a second wrist element that is supported by the first wrist element in a rotatable manner about a second axis that is orthogonal to the first axis; and a third wrist element that is supported by the second wrist element in a rotatable manner about a third axis that is orthogonal to the second axis and that is disposed in the same plane as the first axis. Further the second wrist element is provided with, at a position at which the second axis is included, a second axial hollow hole that passes therethrough in a direction along the second axis.