A machine tool is provided which can execute various works while suppressing increase in cost or size. The machine tool includes a tool spindle device which is a movable member which can move with respect to a mounting surface of the machine tool, and one or more serial-manipulator-type robots attached on the tool spindle device, which can move with the tool spindle device, and which have two or more degrees of freedom, and the robot includes two or more end effectors provided at positions different from each other with one or more joints therebetween.

A pump including one or more pumping chambers, one or more drive mechanisms for driving the one or more pumping chambers and a logic arrangement. The first pumping chamber of the one or more pumping chambers has a first inlet check valve, a first outlet check valve and a first temperature sensor. The logic arrangement is configured to identify a leak by applying logic to at least resistance-data indicative of a resistance of the first pumping chamber to the driving and temperature-data at least based on output from the first temperature sensor.

A linear electro-mechanical actuator (1) preferably for water cutting, makes it possible to significantly improve the working conditions of the actuator (1), so as to optimize its load capacity and increase the working life of the actuator (1), and makes it possible to reduce the risk of breakage or damage of the actuator (1) following loss of control of the movement aimed at producing the force applied by the actuator (1).

A method, apparatus, and system are provided to monitor and characterize the dynamics of a phase change region (PCR) created during laser welding, specifically keyhole welding, and other material modification processes, using low-coherence interferometry. By directing a measurement beam to multiple locations within and overlapping with the PCR, the system, apparatus, and method are used to determine, in real time, spatial and temporal characteristics of the weld such as keyhole depth, length, width, shape and whether the keyhole is unstable, closes or collapses. This information is important in determining the quality and material properties of a completed finished weld. It can also be used with feedback to modify the material modification process in real time.

Systems and methods according to one or more embodiments are provided for forming canted holes in materials. In one example, a forming angle and a central axis for a vent through a panel is determined. A vent is formed in the panel about the central axis along the forming angle. The angled vent is formed with a circular shape at a first opening of the vent on a first surface of the panel when viewed at an angle perpendicular to the first surface of the panel. Additional systems and methods are also provided.

A method, apparatus, and system are provided to monitor and characterize the dynamics of a phase change region (PCR) created during laser welding, specifically keyhole welding, and other material modification processes, using low-coherence interferometry. By directing a measurement beam to multiple locations within and overlapping with the PCR, the system, apparatus, and method are used to determine, in real time, spatial and temporal characteristics of the weld such as keyhole depth, length, width, shape and whether the keyhole is unstable, closes or collapses. This information is important in determining the quality and material properties of a completed finished weld. It can also be used with feedback to modify the material modification process in real time.

A pump including one or more pumping chambers, one or more drive mechanisms for driving the one or more pumping chambers and a logic arrangement. The first pumping chamber of the one or more pumping chambers has a first inlet check valve, a first outlet check valve and a first temperature sensor. The logic arrangement is configured to identify a leak by applying logic to at least resistance-data indicative of a resistance of the first pumping chamber to the driving and temperature-data at least based on output from the first temperature sensor.

Polymer catheters and guidewires for use in intravascular surgery, and more particularly polymer catheters and guidewires micro-machined with a micro-cutting machine to provide sufficient flexibility to travel through a patient's vasculature while retaining sufficient torquability to transmit torque from a proximal end to the distal end of the catheter or guidewire, and methods of producing the same.

A system may include a blade die, a first clamping caul positioned on a first side of the blade die, and a second clamping caul positioned on a second side of the blade die. A molding surface of the blade die and a molding surface of the first clamping caul may be configured to bend a first interchangeable blade positioned therebetween into a first shape in response to a first compression force. A second molding surface of the blade die and a molding surface of the second clamping caul may be configured to bend a second interchangeable blade positioned therebetween into a second shape in response to a second compression force.

Methods and apparatus for forming holes through a substrate are provided herein. In some embodiments, a method of forming holes in a substrate for use in a process chamber includes: partially forming the plurality of holes in a substrate using a first drill to form a plurality of rough holes through the substrate from a first side of the substrate to an opposite second side of the substrate; positioning the substrate between a second drill and a third drill; using the second drill to finish the plurality of rough holes from the first side of the substrate to a first location at least halfway along the length of each hole of the plurality of rough holes; and using the third drill to finish the plurality of rough holes from the second side of the substrate to at least the first location along the length of each hole of the plurality of rough holes.