Open-architecture constituents, such as wood fibers, are coated with an intercalated functional material and bound together to form a solid product, such as a plank. Applications for this material include decking, fencing, and the like. The functional material is applied prior to forming the solid product, either as a coating on each fiber or inserted in a fiber or fiber cluster. As the constituents, such as fibers, wear during use of the product, the functional material is released to provide continual protection of the product, such as UV resistance and fungal resistance.

Disclosed is a method of reducing insect and microbial decay in wood. The method comprises the steps of: a) immersing the wood in a treatment solution comprising i) a C.sub.1-C.sub.6monoalkanolamine ester of boric acid (e.g., monoethanolamine ester of boric acid) and ii) creosote; and b) exposing the immersed wood from step a) to conditions which cause the release of boron from the C.sub.1-C.sub.6 monoalkanolamine ester of boric acid (monoethanolamine ester of boric acid) and which cause the boron to migrate into the interior of the wood.

The invention relates to an agent, in particular a flame retarding agent and/or a fire retarding agent, for reducing the combustibility and flammability of various materials or matters, e.g. like wood and wood products, textiles, paper, cardboard, fibers and fabrics, paints, including composites and/or composite materials therewith, the manufacture of the composition and methods of using the agent and/or the corresponding combination of its constituents to reduce combustibility and flammability. An exemplary composition in dry form (powder) for 1 l of aqueous solvent, in particular for 1 l of water, contains borax in an amount of 30 to 70 wt.-%, boric acid of 30 to 70 wt.-%, sodium chloride (NaCl) in a maximum amount of less than 5 wt.-%, and, if desired, urea in an amount up to 5 g; based in each case on the composition as 100 wt.-%. However, the compositions are preferably free from urea.

The invention relates to mixtures containing, as component (A) ammonium polyphosphate and, as component (B) a soluble ionic compound which contains sulfate and/or is capable of releasing sulfate ions. The invention also relates to a method for producing such mixtures and to the use thereof.

A flame-retardant composition for wood comprises boric acid, ammonium phosphate dibasic, ammonium borate octahydrate, sodium borate, and a solvent.

Disclosed herein are compositions including a dispersion of solid particles of a substantially insoluble copper compound, and an organic biocide, wherein at least 20% of all particles of the composition have a particle size greater than 25 microns. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and using the same.

A composition for treating cellulosic materials is provided. The composition comprises a dispersion of micronized additives. The dispersion comprises additive particles with diameters in the range of 0.001 to 25 microns. Also provided is a method for the application of the additive-containing composition to wood, as well as wood products which have been treated with the composition.

The present invention discloses a one-step integrally-formed bamboo sleeper. For the one-step integrally-formed bamboo sleeper, a bamboo unit is used as a raw material, to be dried and modified at the temperature of 110-180 C., and then subject to adhesive dipping, adhesive throwing, solidification, dopamine solution treatment, anti-mildew and/or anti-corrosion and/or anti-insect treatment, and fastening, to obtain the one-step integrally-formed bamboo sleeper with a density of 0.9-1.5 g/cm.sup.3. The present invention further provides a preparation method for the foregoing bamboo sleeper. The bamboo sleeper prepared in the present invention has a suitable elastic modulus, and applicable for ballasted tracks of railways and urban rail transit systems.

The present invention discloses a one-step integrally-formed bamboo sleeper. For the one-step integrally-formed bamboo sleeper, a bamboo unit is used as a raw material, to be dried and modified at the temperature of 110-180 C., and then subject to adhesive dipping, adhesive throwing, solidification, dopamine solution treatment, anti-mildew and/or anti-corrosion and/or anti-insect treatment, and fastening, to obtain the one-step integrally-formed bamboo sleeper with a density of 0.9-1.5 g/cm.sup.3. The present invention further provides a preparation method for the foregoing bamboo sleeper. The bamboo sleeper prepared in the present invention has a suitable elastic modulus, and applicable for ballasted tracks of railways and urban rail transit systems.

Disclosed herein are compositions including a dispersion of solid particles of a substantially insoluble copper compound, and an organic biocide, wherein at least 20% of all particles of the composition have a particle size greater than 25 microns. Also disclosed herein are methods of making and using the same.