A composite substrate includes a supporting substrate and a functional substrate that are directly joined together, the supporting substrate being a sintered sialon body.

An apparatus for curing concrete includes a multiple layer polyolefin film and an absorbent layer. The polyolefin film layer can include pH modifying components and antiskid components. The absorbent layer can also include pH modifying components. The absorbent layer can include nonwoven fabric. The apparatus can be applied to curing concrete after hydration water is applied to the curing concrete. The apparatus can also be used to enclose poured concrete members during transport of the members so as to continue the curing process during transport. The film can also be used as a barrier layer between the ground and poured concrete.

A method of manufacturing ceramic chips according to one aspect of the present disclosure includes: (A) forming a plurality of dicing trenches on a ceramic wafer; (B) removing a surface in which the dicing trenches are formed by as much as a predetermined thickness to eliminate a rough surface, which is formed on an outer side of each of the dicing trenches when the dicing trenches are formed; and (C) removing a surface opposite to the surface in which the dicing trenches are formed by as much as a predetermined thickness so that the wafer is individualized into a plurality of ceramic chips.

Prefabricated floor element (1) having an elongated shape wherein a longitudinal direction (X), a transversal direction (Y), a height direction (Z), two end faces (11) which delimitate the element (1) in the longitudinal direction (X), two lateral faces (12) which delimitate the element (1) in the transversal direction (Y), a lower face (13) and an upper planar face (14) that delimitate the element (1) in the height direction (Z) are defined, which comprises transversal continuous upper grooves (15) on the upper planar face (14) or lateral grooves (26) on the lateral faces (24), the lateral grooves (26) extending from the lower tab (TS) to the upper planar face (24). The invention also relates to a structure comprising such prefabricated floor element (1) and further comprising a linear supporting element (LS) which supports one end of the prefabricated floor element (1) such that in the linear supporting element (LS) a supporting surface (51) is defined and a moment resisting system (MS) arranged on the linear supporting element (LS) and facing an end face (11) of the prefabricated floor element (1) and an upper concrete layer (LC) poured on top of the element (1) or in the shear key (SK) defined between two adjacent floor elements. The invention also relates to an installation for manufacturing the floor elements (1, 2).

The invention concerns the production of draining porcelain stoneware tiles and method of production thereof. The invention concerns a tile with rectangular quadrilateral shape and edges with thickness (S), with a planar outer surface on which a series of variable geometry grooves are provided according to a drainage direction on the outer surface. The geometry of said groove can be triangular, trapezoidal or elliptical section. The vertexes of these embodiments form the bottom of said groove with height h, and said height h increases according to said drainage direction generating an inclined drainage plane of said groove. The invention also concerns a method of manufacturing a tile according to the invention; by moulding during the pressing phase of the ceramic powders with the use of punch/pad preformed with pattern according to the required geometry of the water drain grooves; by mechanical action by incision of the green pressed ceramic powder slab, dried or not, and not yet fired; or by incision of the fired tile.

Set comprising a plurality of covering elements for floors and/or walls, wherein each covering element comprises an upper surface having a pattern and at least one distressed upper edge, wherein at least two covering elements of the set comprises substantially the same pattern, and wherein the shape of the distressed upper edge differs in each covering element of the set.

An apparatus for curing concrete includes a multiple layer film and an absorbent layer. The film can include pH modifying components and antiskid components. The absorbent layer can include pH modifying components. The apparatus can be applied to concrete after hydration water is applied. The apparatus can enclose concrete members during transport so as to continue the curing process during transport. The film can be used as a barrier layer between the ground and poured concrete. The apparatus can be manufactured by heating a film to its crystalline softening point, applying adhesive material to an absorbent material, and adhering the film to the absorbent material. A method of curing concrete includes pouring concrete, waiting for the concrete to reach the bleed stage, providing hydration water, adding a pH modifying component to the hydration water, and applying the hydration water with the pH modifying component to the poured concrete.

A repair process for an article such as an airfoil includes providing an article that has a substrate and a ceramic barrier coating disposed on the substrate, where the ceramic barrier coating has a damaged region, abrading the damaged region to provide dimple in the ceramic barrier coating, wherein a remaining region of the ceramic barrier coating adjacent the dimple remains intact, and depositing a patch of networked ceramic nanofibers in the dimple.

A method of producing a cylindrical insulator for a spark plug includes a molding step of forming ceramic powder filled in a cavity defined by a mold and a molding pin into a compact. In a first removal step of removing the compact from the mold, the compact has at least one protrusion formed in at least one recess of the molding pin formed in an outer cylindrical surface of the molding pin, and the at least one protrusion is locked in the at least one recess, thereby allowing the compact to be removed with the molding pin from the mold. In a second removal step of removing the molding pin from the compact, the molding pin is turned or rotated in the circumferential direction about the compact, causing the at least one recess to cut the at least one protrusion from the compact, and thereafter the molding pin is removed from the compact.

A multi-zone cementitious product, which includes a base zone made of a first cementitious material composition and forming a portion of the product. At least one facing zone is adjacent to and bonded to the base zone, the facing zone made of a second cementitious material composition and forming at least one exterior face of said product which is visible when the product is installed. A disrupted boundary layer is between the facing zone and the base zone, and includes material from both the facing zone and the base zone. The disrupted boundary layer bonds the facing zone to the base zone. The facing zone has a thickness sufficient to prevent the base zone from being visible when the product is installed.