A gas sensor element that includes a composite ceramic layer including a plate-shaped insulating portion which contains an insulating ceramic and has a through-hole, and an electrolyte portion which contains a solid electrolyte ceramic, and a portion disposed in the through-hole where the electrolyte portion is thicker than the insulating portion. A first conductor layer is formed over a first insulating surface of the insulating portion and a first electrolyte surface of the electrolyte portion. The electrolyte portion has an extending portion which is overlaid on the first insulating surface and extends toward the outside of the through-hole. The thickness of the extending portion is decreased toward an outer periphery of the extending portion, and the outer periphery of the extending portion is continuously connected to the first insulating surface. A first extending surface of the extending portion continuously connects the first insulating surface and the first electrolyte surface.

A ceramic matrix composite (CMC) component, such as a turbine blade for a combustion turbine engine that has a fiber-reinforced, solidified ceramic substrate. The substrate has an inner layer of fibers, for enhancing structural strength of the component. An outer layer of fibers defines voids therein. A thermal barrier coat (TBC) is applied over and coupled to the outer layer fibers, filling the voids. The voids provide increased surface area and mechanically interlock the TBC, improving adhesion between the fiber-reinforced ceramic substrate and the TBC.

As a lower forming plate 8, a forming plate having: a lower plate main body 10 constituted from an electrically conductive material; and a lower embedded electrode 12 embedded in the lower plate main body 10, the lower embedded electrode 12 being electrically insulated from the lower plate main body 10 by an insulator 14 and being embedded so as for a portion thereof to be exposed on the surface of the lower plate main body 10 making contact with a lower lining paper sheet 16 is used.

Turbine and compressor casing abradable components for turbine engines include abradable surfaces with a zonal system of forward (zone A) and rear or aft sections (zone B) surface features. The zone A surface profile comprises an array pattern of non-directional depression dimples, or upwardly projecting dimples, or both, in the abradable surface. The dimpled forward zone A surface features reduce surface solidity in a controlled manner, to help increase abradability during blade tip rubbing incidents, yet they provide sufficient material to resist incoming hot working fluid erosion of the abradable surface. In addition, the dimples provide generic forward section aerodynamic profiling to the abradable surface, compatible with different blade airfoil-camber profiles. The aft zone B surface features comprise an array pattern of ridges and grooves.

An example plasterboard includes a layer of hardened plaster material having a first surface and an opposed second surface and a layer of molded material having a surface that faces away from the layer of hardened plaster material. The surface of the layer of molded material has one or more raised features. The plasterboard also includes a liner between the first surface of the layer of hardened plaster material and the layer of molded material. Other examples include a method of forming such plasterboards and a method for installing such plasterboards.

A damaged applicator identifier system for an additive manufacturing (AM) system, and AM system including the same are disclosed. The damaged applicator identifier system may include a damaged applicator identifier determining whether the active applicator is damaged by identifying a non-planar surface in a layer of raw material on a build platform of the AM system after formation of the layer by the active applicator. A damaged applicator controller is configured to cause replacement or repair of the damaged, active applicator in response to the damaged applicator identifier identifying the damaged, active applicator.

Disclosed is a surfactant composition and its use in the production of a gypsum product. Also disclosed is a method of producing gypsum plasterboard, as well as gypsum plasterboard that is formed from foamed slurry comprising the surfactant composition. The surfactant composition comprises from 60 to 99 wt. % by total surfactant weight of an alkyl sulphate component having the structure: R.sup.1OSO.sub.3.sup.+M.sup.1, in which R.sup.1 is an alkyl having from 9 to 11 carbon atoms and M.sup.1 is a cation. The surfactant composition also comprises from 1 to 40 wt. % by total surfactant weight of an alkyl ether sulphate component having the structure: R.sup.2(OCH.sub.2CH.sub.2).sub.yOSO.sub.3.sup.+M.sup.2, in which R.sup.2 is an alkyl having from 8 to 10 carbon atoms, y has an average value of 0.1 to 5 and M.sup.2 is a cation.

The present invention provides an aluminum-diamond composite which combines high thermal conductivity and a coefficient of thermal expansion close to a semiconductor clement, and in which the difference between the thicknesses of both surfaces is reduced so as to be suitable for use as a heat sink etc. for a semiconductor element. Provided is a flat plate-shaped aluminum-diamond composite that has an aluminum-diamond composite part and a surface layer that coats both surfaces of the composite part and includes a metal that has aluminum as a principal component, Wherein: the composite part is composed of a composite material that is composed of an aluminum or aluminum alloy matrix and diamond particles dispersed in said matrix; the composite material is composed of a diamond powder in which diamond particles having a particle size of 1-20 m, inclusive, make up 10-40 vol of the diamond particles and diamond particles having a particle size of 100-250 m, inclusive, make up 50-80 vol %, said powder not containing diamond particles having a particle size of less than 1 m or diamond particles having a particle size of more than 250 m; and the average value for the differences in in-plane thickness per 50 mm50 mm is 100 m or less.

Embodiments of a system and a method for determining an edge hardness value for a cementitious board can be used to effectively determine the hardness of the board after it has been made and dried at a predetermined location, such as, at a stacking station, for example. An actuator assembly can manipulate a punch such that the punch is inserted into one of the edges of one of the cementitious boards in the stacker in a controlled manner. A force gauge can be associated with the punch to measure the resistance force exerted by the cementitious board in response to the punch being inserted into its edge. The measured resistance force can be used to determine the edge hardness value.

A hardscaping unit includes a first block fixedly attached to a second block. The method of assembling the hardscaping unit includes the steps of forming a first block from a first material, placing a second material into a mold, contacting a surface of the first block with the second material that is in the mold, maintaining contact of the surface of the first block with the second material while transitioning the second material from a first state to a second state, the second state being more solid than the first state, and when in the second state the second material forms a second block that is fixedly attached to the first block.