A thermoforming mould for producing cup-shaped articles from a heated film of plastic is provided. The thermoforming mould comprises a first mould part and a second mould part which are movable in relation to one another, wherein at least one cavity for moulding a cup-shaped article is formed in one of the two mould parts. The thermoforming mould also comprises a measuring device which is designed to determine a tilting of the first mould part and the second mould part with respect to one another. Furthermore, a thermoforming machine comprising the thermoforming mould and also a method for determining a tilting between a first mould part and a second mould part of a thermoforming mould are provided.

A method for producing a polylactic acid (PLA) shaped article by thermoforming and thermoformed PLA articles. The method for producing a shaped article includes: heating a sheet of crystallizable polylactic acid (PLA)-based resin having a ratio of cold crystallization over total melting enthalpy (ΔHcc/ΔHm) greater than 0.70 as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wherein heating includes a heating step the sheet is heated from a surface temperature of at most 80° C. to a surface temperature of at least 90° C. to at most 150° C. at heating rate of 5° C. to 25° C. per second, to provide heated sheet having a ratio of cold crystallization over total melting enthalpy (ΔHcc/ΔHm) greater than 0.5 as determined by DSC; and immediately after heating, forming heated sheet to provide a shaped article by means of a mold having a temperature of at least 70° C. and at most 120° C.

A method for producing a polylactic acid (PLA) shaped article by thermoforming and thermoformed PLA articles. The method for producing a shaped article includes: heating a sheet of crystallizable polylactic acid (PLA)-based resin having a ratio of cold crystallization over total melting enthalpy (ΔHcc/ΔHm) greater than 0.70 as determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), wherein heating includes a heating step the sheet is heated from a surface temperature of at most 80° C. to a surface temperature of at least 90° C. to at most 150° C. at heating rate of 5° C. to 25° C. per second, to provide heated sheet having a ratio of cold crystallization over total melting enthalpy (ΔHcc/ΔHm) greater than 0.5 as determined by DSC; and immediately after heating, forming heated sheet to provide a shaped article by means of a mold having a temperature of at least 70° C. and at most 120° C.

Cap wrinkling in a contoured composite hat stringer is reduced by constraining the cap as the hat stringer is being formed from a flat composite charge. The cap is constrained by an inflatable bladder placed in a tool set used to form the composite charge.

Provided is a film thermoforming device of a blister packaging machine in which molding can be carried out without extreme reduction in a sheet thickness of a top surface portion of a pocket, and without warpage, which allows stacking, and stable molding can be performed at a high rate. This film thermoforming device comprises a compressed air blowing mechanism that is disposed at a forming mold 5A and that has a compressed air blowing pore 53a which is open at an inner bottom portion of a pocket hole 52 of the forming mold 5A, and a compressed air blowing pore 53b which is open around the pocket hole 52 of the forming mold 5A.

Provided is a film thermoforming device of a blister packaging machine in which molding can be carried out without extreme reduction in a sheet thickness of a top surface portion of a pocket, and without warpage, which allows stacking, and stable molding can be performed at a high rate. This film thermoforming device comprises a compressed air blowing mechanism that is disposed at a forming mold 5A and that has a compressed air blowing pore 53a which is open at an inner bottom portion of a pocket hole 52 of the forming mold 5A, and a compressed air blowing pore 53b which is open around the pocket hole 52 of the forming mold 5A.

A portion unit of a cleaning agent, having a cleaning agent composition and a chamber which receives the cleaning agent composition and includes a chamber wall that delimits the chamber and has a layer thickness D. The chamber includes a main volume and at least one auxiliary volume, and the cleaning agent composition can freely enter the at least one auxiliary volume from the main volume and vice versa, wherein the chamber wall is formed in a transition region between the main volume and the at least one auxiliary volume in a substantially stepped manner. The invention additionally relates to a method for producing such a portion unit.

A method for producing a cellulose product from a multi-layer cellulose blank structure, wherein the method comprises the steps; forming the multi-layer cellulose blank structure from at least a first layer of dry-formed cellulose fibres and a second layer of a cellulose fibre web structure, through arranging the at least first layer and second layer in a superimposed relationship to each other and in the superimposed relationship arranging the at least first layer and second layer in contact with each other; arranging the multi-layer cellulose blank structure in a forming mould; heating the multi-layer cellulose blank structure to a forming temperature in the range of 100° C. to 300° C., and forming the cellulose product from the multi-layer cellulose blank structure in the forming mould, by pressing the heated multi-layer cellulose blank structure with an isostatic forming pressure of at least 1 MPa, preferably 4-20 MPa, wherein the multi-layer cellulose blank structure is shaped into a two-dimensional or three-dimensional fibre composite structure having a single-layer configuration.

A forming station for producing a packaging trough by thermoforming at least an area of a film web positioned between a forming tool upper part and a forming tool lower part of the forming station. A male die part of the forming tool upper part may be moved in a vertical direction and inserted into a forming space of a female die part of the forming tool lower part. The packaging trough is produced by deforming the film web between the male die part and an inner wall of the forming space of the female die part. In an inserted condition of the male die part within the female die art, a push-in unit is extended from the male die part towards the inner wall of the forming space at an angular orientation relative to the vertical direction.

A fuel cell system includes a first fluid flow plate including a first plurality of first channels for flow of an oxidant or a fuel. The plurality of first channel has first channel cross-sectional flow areas. A second fluid flow plate includes a second plurality of second channels for flow of an oxidant or a fuel. The plurality of second channels has second channel cross-sectional flow areas. A membrane electrode assembly is located between the first plate and the second plate. The first flow plate includes a passage for a flow of a fluid entirely on a seam side of the first flow plate as the first plurality of first channels. The passage has a cross-sectional area for flow of the fluid smaller than the first channel cross-sectional flow area.