An embodiment includes a system comprising: a monolithic shape memory polymer (SMP) foam having first and second states; wherein the SMP foam includes: (a) polyurethane, (b) an inner half portion having inner reticulated cells defined by inner struts, (c) an outer half portion, having outer reticulated cells defined by outer struts, surrounding the inner portion in a plane that provides a cross-section of the SMP foam, (d) hydroxyl groups chemically bound to outer surfaces of both the inner and outer struts. Other embodiments are discussed herein.

The present invention relates to a plasma generating apparatus for a secondary battery. The plasma generating apparatus for the secondary battery comprises a roller part comprising a transfer roller that transfers a separator and a metal member built in the transfer roller, and a plasma generating part comprising a main body spaced apart from the transfer roller and a plurality of electrode members disposed on positions that are spaced apart from each other in a direction of both ends of the main body and partially generating a plasma between the metal member and the main body to form a patterned bonding layer on a surface of the separator, wherein the plurality of electrode members are detachably coupled to the main body to adjust a number of the electrode members coupled to the main body based on a size of the separator.

The present invention relates to a plasma generating apparatus for a secondary battery. The plasma generating apparatus for the secondary battery comprises a roller part comprising a transfer roller that transfers a separator and a metal member built in the transfer roller, and a plasma generating part comprising a main body spaced apart from the transfer roller and a plurality of electrode members disposed on positions that are spaced apart from each other in a direction of both ends of the main body and partially generating a plasma between the metal member and the main body to form a patterned bonding layer on a surface of the separator, wherein the plurality of electrode members are detachably coupled to the main body to adjust a number of the electrode members coupled to the main body based on a size of the separator.

An object is to provide a composite pre-bonding treatment method that stabilizes quality of a bonded part. The present disclosure provides a composite pre-bonding treatment method performed when bonding a composite material to a member. The method includes: (S2) attaching an absorber adapted to absorb a contaminant to a surface of a prepreg laminate that is a precursor of the composite material; (S3) covering the prepreg laminate with a packaging material from above the absorber; (S4) vacuuming the packaging material and heating the prepreg laminate at a temperature lower than a curing temperature of a prepreg; (S5) then removing the packaging material; (S6) peeling off the absorber; (S7) attaching, to a surface of the prepreg laminate with the absorber peeled off, a release member that does not transfer silicone or fluorine to a resin, and then (S9) curing the prepreg laminate to mold the composite material; and (S11) peeling off the release member from the composite material before bonding the member.

Aspects described herein are directed to compositions, systems, and methods of manufacturing a polymer-based construction material comprising polymeric resin and filler such as calcium carbonate (CaCO.sub.3). A surface of the polymer-based construction material may be treated such that the surface energy is increased from the material's inherent value to a predetermined value of at least 40 dynes/cm.sup.2. Further, the surface energy of the treated surface may persist within 20% of the predetermined value for at least three days.

Aspects described herein are directed to compositions, systems, and methods of manufacturing a polymer-based construction material comprising polymeric resin and filler such as calcium carbonate (CaCO.sub.3). A surface of the polymer-based construction material may be treated such that the surface energy is increased from the material's inherent value to a predetermined value of at least 40 dynes/cm.sup.2. Further, the surface energy of the treated surface may persist within 20% of the predetermined value for at least three days.

A three-dimensional printing apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional object includes a controller and a three-dimensional printer. The controller has a signal generator. The three-dimensional printer includes a print head, a part carrier, and a plasma field applicator. The plasma field applicator is disposed on an end of the print head. The controller is in communication with the print head, part carrier, and plasma field applicator. The three dimensional printer builds the three-dimensional object onto the part carrier. The signal generator outputs a signal to the plasma field applicator and the plasma field applicator generates an electromagnetic field and induced current pathway incident to the three-dimensional object on the part carrier.

The present disclosure is directed to a film formulation that resulted in a substantially non-migratory cold seal release film with improved blocking resistance. Specifically, the multilayered biaxially oriented polypropylene film can include a core layer of polypropylene homopolymer; a first outer layer on one side of the core layer that can be suitable for sealing, printing, or coating; and a second outer layer on the opposite side of the core layer that is a blocking resistant layer comprising thermoplastic polymers which reduce blocking tendency.

A method of the invention produces a composite material conjugate in which a first composite material and a second composite material are adhered without using an adhesive, wherein a first prepreg laminate to which a release member is attached is cured to form the first composite material, the release member being made of a material that does not transfer silicone and fluorine to the first prepreg laminate, after detaching the release member from the first composite material, surface treatment that imparts polar functional groups to the surface of the first composite material to which the release member was bonded is carried out to activate the surface, a second prepreg laminate is placed directly on the activated surface of the first composite material, and the second prepreg laminate is cured to form a second composite material adhered to the first composite material.

Systems and methods are described herein for manufacturing and using roofing membranes that are faster and easier to install than conventional adhesive-only membrane materials. In some embodiments, membrane materials are surface treated using a plasma flow, e.g., a blown-arc plasma flow, atmospheric plasma, corona plasma, or from portable plasma units, generated by passing a compressed plasma-generating gas through an electrical current to form the plasma-treated roofing membrane. The plasma treatments described herein may be applied as part of the manufacturing process, or in-situ at the site of roof installation. In some embodiments, membrane materials have surface chemistries, roughnesses and other surface characteristics that yield desired adhesion properties.