In an aspect, a biaxially oriented pipe has a thickened end portion. The end portion has the same inner diameter as the biaxially oriented pipe and has a larger thickness than the biaxially oriented pipe. The end portion is made of the same thermoplastic polymer composition as the biaxially oriented pipe.

A method of fabricating a thin film heater includes providing a heating element supported on a surface of a flexible dielectric backing film; and attaching a layer of heat shrink film onto the surface of the dielectric backing film so as to at least partially enclose the heating element between the heat shrink film and the dielectric backing film. The method provides a much more precise and consistent method of assembling the heater assembly and improves the thermal properties and heat transfer to a heating chamber.

A method of fabricating a thin film heater includes providing a heating element supported on a surface of a flexible dielectric backing film; and attaching a layer of heat shrink film onto the surface of the dielectric backing film so as to at least partially enclose the heating element between the heat shrink film and the dielectric backing film. The method provides a much more precise and consistent method of assembling the heater assembly and improves the thermal properties and heat transfer to a heating chamber.

A heat-shrinkable label made from or containing a terpolymer film containing propylene, ethylene and 1-hexene, wherein the terpolymer has: (i) a content of ethylene derived units ranging from 0.5 wt % to 5.0 wt %, (ii) a content of 1-hexene derived units ranging from 1.0 wt % to 6.0 wt %, (iii) a melt flow rate (MFR) (ISO 1133 230° C., 2.16 kg) ranging from 0.5 to 20 g/10 min, and (iv) a polydispersity index (P.I.) ranging from 2.0 to 7.0.

Provided is a heat-shrinkable polyester film which undergoes less change in the physical properties even in a high-humidity environment, has excellent storage stability, and effectively suppresses a breakage phenomenon of the film after heat shrinkage.

Disclosed is a heat-shrinkable polyester film derived from a polyester resin, in which when tensile strengths in a main shrinkage direction obtained before and after immersion in water at 23° C. for 168 hours in a tensile test as measured according to JIS K 7127 are designated as C1 (MPa) and C2 (MPa), the following Relational Expression (1) is satisfied:

−5.3<(C2−C1)<4.2  (1)

Provided is a heat-shrinkable polyester film which undergoes less change in the physical properties even in a high-humidity environment, has excellent storage stability, and effectively suppresses a breakage phenomenon of the film after heat shrinkage.

Disclosed is a heat-shrinkable polyester film derived from a polyester resin, in which when tensile strengths in a main shrinkage direction obtained before and after immersion in water at 23° C. for 168 hours in a tensile test as measured according to JIS K 7127 are designated as C1 (MPa) and C2 (MPa), the following Relational Expression (1) is satisfied:

−5.3<(C2−C1)<4.2  (1)

The combination of 3D printing technology plus the additional dimension of transformation over time of the printed object is referred to herein as 4D printing technology. Particular arrangements of the additive manufacturing material(s) used in the 3D printing process can create a printed 3D object that transforms over time from a first, printed shape to a second, predetermined shape.

The combination of 3D printing technology plus the additional dimension of transformation over time of the printed object is referred to herein as 4D printing technology. Particular arrangements of the additive manufacturing material(s) used in the 3D printing process can create a printed 3D object that transforms over time from a first, printed shape to a second, predetermined shape.

The invention provides an amorphous copolymerized polyester raw material for a film, wherein the copolymerized polyester raw material (1) contains ethylene terephthalate as a main constituent component, and neopentyl glycol by 15-30 mol % when a total amount of glycol component in a total polyester resin component is taken as 100 mol %, (2) contains a constituent unit derived from diethylene glycol by 7-15 mol % in the total amount of glycol component 100 mol % in the total polyester resin component, (3) has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.60 dl/g or more and less than 0.70 dl/g, and (4) has a glass transition temperature of 60-70° C. The invention also provides a heat-shrinkable polyester-based film containing the amorphous copolymerized polyester raw material, as well as a heat-shrinkable label and a packaging bag.

The invention provides an amorphous copolymerized polyester raw material for a film, wherein the copolymerized polyester raw material (1) contains ethylene terephthalate as a main constituent component, and neopentyl glycol by 15-30 mol % when a total amount of glycol component in a total polyester resin component is taken as 100 mol %, (2) contains a constituent unit derived from diethylene glycol by 7-15 mol % in the total amount of glycol component 100 mol % in the total polyester resin component, (3) has an intrinsic viscosity of 0.60 dl/g or more and less than 0.70 dl/g, and (4) has a glass transition temperature of 60-70° C. The invention also provides a heat-shrinkable polyester-based film containing the amorphous copolymerized polyester raw material, as well as a heat-shrinkable label and a packaging bag.