The problem of limited throughput in three-dimensional (3D) printing processes is addressed by systems and methods that employ mirrors to receive energy reflected by the melt pool and to redirect such light back to the melt pool, where it may further heat the melt pool. Multiple such passes of reflection from the melt pool and redirection back to the melt pool may substantially increase the efficiency at which the melt pool absorbs the energy, thereby substantially increasing the throughput of the 3D printing process.

Methods are described for printing a three-dimensional structural component onto a base. For example, a method of printing is provided, including receiving a set of predetermined thicknesses for the three-dimensional structural component. The set of predetermined thicknesses has a first thickness and a second thickness. The first thickness is greater than the second thickness. The method further includes instructing a printing device to print a single layer for the three-dimensional structural component using the set of predetermined thicknesses. The method further includes printing a first portion of the single layer onto the base so that the first portion has the first thickness. The method further includes printing a second portion of the single layer onto the base so that the second portion has the second thickness.

Methods are described for printing a three-dimensional structural component onto a base. For example, a method of printing is provided, including receiving a set of predetermined thicknesses for the three-dimensional structural component. The set of predetermined thicknesses has a first thickness and a second thickness. The first thickness is greater than the second thickness. The method further includes instructing a printing device to print a single layer for the three-dimensional structural component using the set of predetermined thicknesses. The method further includes printing a first portion of the single layer onto the base so that the first portion has the first thickness. The method further includes printing a second portion of the single layer onto the base so that the second portion has the second thickness.

Disclosed is a method for manufacturing a three-dimensional article, including: a step of producing the article by an additive manufacturing technology, the article including at least two parts that face, at least partially, each other or that have edges facing, at least partially, each other; and a step of finishing of the article. According to the invention, the two parts are produced together with a temporary connection that links the two parts, and the method includes, after the step of finishing, a step of unlinking the temporary connection in order to separate the two parts.

Method for manufacturing a personalized applicator for applying a product, notably make-up product, to keratinous materials, including a application surface. The method includes the following steps: a) applying to a surface of the keratinous materials of an individual a composition that modifies the appearance thereof, b) performing an optical acquisition of the topography of the surface thus covered and of at least one image providing information as to the location of the composition, and c) from this acquisition creating the applicator or a mold intended for the manufacture thereof.

Method for manufacturing a personalized applicator for applying a product, notably make-up product, to keratinous materials, including a application surface. The method includes the following steps: a) applying to a surface of the keratinous materials of an individual a composition that modifies the appearance thereof, b) performing an optical acquisition of the topography of the surface thus covered and of at least one image providing information as to the location of the composition, and c) from this acquisition creating the applicator or a mold intended for the manufacture thereof.

Disclosed is a device including a compliant mechanism including: a first monolithic flexible element, having first and second ends defining a first longitudinal direction, arranged such that it is able to be subjected to an elastic deformation involving a relative movement between its first and second ends; and at least a second monolithic flexible element, having first and second ends defining a second longitudinal direction distinct from the first longitudinal direction, arranged such that it is able to be subjected to an elastic deformation involving a relative movement between its first and second ends. At least one of the first and second monolithic flexible elements includes at least one opening located between its first and second ends and defining a passage for a portion of the other monolithic flexible element such that the first and second monolithic flexible elements are interlocked.

The use of bacteria-based binders to bind and strengthen 3D printed compositions; bio-plastic 3D printing materials comprised of combinations of particles of organic substrates such as coffee, pistachio shells and coconut shells, as well as sand (and combinations of one or more of the foregoing); processes for creating scent-free bio-plastic 3D printing material and products from such particles; the application of a copper finish, chrome finish and powder finish to bio-plastics made from such particles; and products and fixtures, such as sinks, toilets, faucets, coffee mug molds, lighting fixtures, and coffee cups, comprising non-flammable bio-plastic created by a process of 3D printing from such particles. Processes for imparting color or structure or surface texture to these and binding and strengthening them using enzyme-secreting bacteria.

A bipolar plate for a fuel cell for generation of electrical power has a bipolar plate body having a first surface. The bipolar plate body has at least one gas flow channel on the first surface, the gas flow channel defining a first gas flow channel side wall and an opposite second gas flow channel side wall, and the gas flow channel running in a first direction to expose the electrode to the reactant. The bipolar plate also has at least one electrical conductor to run at least partly parallel to the first direction within the bipolar plate body behind the first gas flow channel side wall and/or the second gas flow channel side wall, such that, when a voltage is applied to the electrical conductor, the electrical conductor forms an electromagnetic field, the electromagnetic field to accelerate the reactant at least partly in the direction of the electrode.

Systems, methods, and apparatus are disclosed for controlling a flow of a material through a vehicle component. In some embodiments, the methods include determining a first plurality of dimensions and a second plurality of dimensions associated with a flow medium based on one or more flow properties of the vehicle component, the flow medium including a plurality of baffle layers and a plurality of spacers. The methods may further include generating at least one baffle layer based on the first plurality of dimensions, and generating at least some of the plurality of spacers based on the second plurality of dimensions, the plurality of spacers being positioned on top of the at least one baffle layer.