An ultrasonic welding method for joining a first thermoplastic part and a second thermoplastic part without causing visible read-through on an exposed surface of the second part. The method includes arranging the first part on an inner surface of the second part. The inner surface is opposite the exposed surface. The first part has an interface portion contacting the inner surface. The method includes causing a horn of an ultrasonic welding stack to be pressed against the first part by applying ultrasonic energy oscillating at a frequency in a range of 45-70 kHz through the horn, to thereby join the first part and the second part together. The horn has at least one protruding distal portion configured to penetrate through the first part as the ultrasonic energy is imparted through the horn. The distal portion has a length longer than a thickness of the first part. A collapse distance of a weld formed at the interface portion is less than the thickness of the first part, to avoid read-through effects on the exposed surface of the second part.

A method for joining two objects by anchoring an insert portion provided on one of the objects in an opening provided on the other one of the objects. The anchorage is achieved by liquefaction of a thermoplastic material and interpenetration of the liquefied material and a penetrable material, the two materials being arranged on opposite surfaces of the insert portion and the wall of the opening. Before such liquefaction and interpenetration, an interference fit is established in which such opposite surfaces are pressed against each other, and, for the anchoring, mechanical vibration energy and possibly a shearing force are applied, wherein the shearing force puts a shear stress on the interference fit.

Methods are provided for fabricating electrochromic devices that mitigate formation of short circuits under a top bus bar without predetermining where top bus bars will be applied on the device. Devices fabricated using such methods may be deactivated under the top bus bar, or may include active material under the top bus bar. Methods of fabricating devices with active material under a top bus bar include depositing a modified top bus bar, fabricating self-healing layers in the electrochromic device, and modifying a top transparent conductive layer of the device prior to applying bus bars.

The invention relates to a welding method for material webs which each consists of a multilayer composite having a barrier layer and are connected to each other via a sealing seam. In order to provide a welding method by means of which sealing seams can be produced which, on the one hand, meet the highest demands on strength and, on the other hand, prevent light, in particular UV light, from penetrating into the product to be packaged, according to the invention, the sealing seems are produced by leading two sealing surfaces of two tools together, wherein the material webs are arranged between the sealing surfaces and the sealing seam is produced having two seams lying beside each other, a main seam and a secondary seam and, during the production of the main seam, the two sealing surfaces exert a main welding pressure on the material webs and, during the production of the secondary seam, the two sealing surfaces exert a secondary welding pressure on the material webs, wherein the secondary welding pressure is lower than the main welding pressure, at least in some sections, and, in the secondary processing step, at least one of the two sealing surfaces is structured.

An attachment part (10) for connecting to a structural part (30). The attachment part (10) has an attachment part longitudinal axis (A), and a weld portion (11) to be welded to the structural part (30) by torsional ultrasonic welding. The weld portion (11) has a contact surface for contact with a torsion sonotrode (70), and a weld surface (13) for connecting to the structural part (30). The weld portion (11) is delimited, at least portionally, by an inner vibration decoupling zone (14). The inner vibration decoupling zone (14), at least portionally, surrounds an inner portion of the attachment part (10).

A method and installation for joining a cover layer to an object in a continuous process. Joining is effected with the aid of a joining material having thermoplastic properties, wherein the joining material is arranged between the cover layer and the object and is liquefied using ultrasonic vibration energy. Before application of the ultrasonic vibration energy, the joining material is preheated in a contactless manner with the aid of electromagnetic induction in the region of the glass transition temperature of the joining material or above this glass transition temperature. The object is in particular a chip board and the cover layer an edge strip to be joined to an edge of the chip board.

A method of manufacturing a pouch type secondary battery according to an exemplary embodiment of the present disclosure includes the steps of: accommodating an electrode assembly in a space between an upper case and a lower case; and thermally fusing edge parts of the upper case and the lower case to each other, wherein edge parts of the upper case and the lower case each include a substrate layer, a metal layer and a sealing layer that are sequentially stacked, and wherein before the step of thermally fusing, the method further includes forming a plurality of grooves on one surface of at least one sealing layer of each of the upper case and the lower case.

A method for joining two objects by anchoring an insert portion provided on one of the objects in an opening provided on the other one of the objects. The anchorage is achieved by liquefaction of a thermoplastic material and interpenetration of the liquefied material and a penetrable material, the two materials being arranged on opposite surfaces of the insert portion and the wall of the opening. Before such liquefaction and interpenetration, an interference fit is established in which such opposite surfaces are pressed against each other, and, for the anchoring, mechanical vibration energy and possibly a shearing force are applied, wherein the shearing force puts a shear stress on the interference fit.

A method of manufacturing a composite vessel assembly includes the step of placing the composite vessel assembly in a pliable containment prior to curing of a resin of the composite vessel assembly. With the composite vessel assembly in the pliable containment, a vacuum is applied through an orifice in the pliable containment to evacuate air and compact the composite vessel assembly.

A system includes a source, a detector, and a controller. The source is configured to emit electromagnetic energy toward two plies of film. A portion of the emitted electromagnetic energy is within a range of wavelengths. The detector is arranged to detect electromagnetic energy propagating away from the two plies of film. The detector detects electromagnetic energy within the range of wavelengths and generates signals indicative of intensity of detected electromagnetic energy. The controller controls operation of the foam-in-bag system based the signals from the detector. The film is transmissive of electromagnetic energy in the range of wavelengths. When dispensed between the two plies of film, one or both of foaming chemical precursors or foam formed from a reaction thereof is opaque to electromagnetic energy in the range of wavelengths.