Described are dissolvable, porous solid structures formed using certain vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol copolymers. The copolymer and the porosity of the structure allow for liquid flow during use such that the structure readily dissolves to provide a desired consumer experience. Also described are processes for making open cell foam and fibrous dissolvable solid structures.

Described are dissolvable, porous solid structures formed using certain vinyl acetate-vinyl alcohol copolymers. The copolymer and the porosity of the structure allow for liquid flow during use such that the structure readily dissolves to provide a desired consumer experience. Also described are processes for making open cell foam and fibrous dissolvable solid structures.

A method of making molded foam articles and the articles produced. A molded foam article is produced by heating or preheating the mold to a temperature at or above the glass transition or melt temperature of the particles to be molded. Foamed particles are then introduced into the mold. The particle filled mold is then subjected to a vacuum to stabilize the molded article, without application of any additional heating or cooling. The molded article is then removed from the mold at a temperature at or below the glass transition temperature of the particles, and the cycle repeated to form multiple molded articles.

Provided among other things is a method of forming a composite glove with a grip texture, comprising: (a) providing a coagulant-coated support layer that is a fabric layer or a polymeric layer; (b) dip applying to the support layer a foamed polymer dispersion comprising about 0.5% to about 2.0% by weight hygroscopic agent; (c) allowing a portion of the applied foamed polymer dispersion to coagulate based the coagulant diffusing from the support layer to form a partially coagulated foam layer; (d) washing the partially coagulated foam layer to remove uncoagulated polymer to form a coagulated foam layer; and (e) vulcanizing the coagulated foam layer to form a vulcanized open foam layer laminated to the support.

Provided is a method of producing an integral 3D humic acid-carbon hybrid foam, comprising: (A) forming a solid shape of humic acid-polymer particle mixture; and (B) pyrolyzing the solid shape of humic acid-polymer particle mixture to thermally reduce humic acid into reduced humic acid sheets and thermally convert polymer into pores and carbon or graphite that bonds the reduced humic acid sheets to form the integral 3D humic acid-carbon hybrid foam.

A method of freeze-drying comprising rapidly freezing either liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide in and around a material having pores at a rate of at least 0.2° C./min to limit the size of crystals formed from the carbon dioxide so as to avoid the formation of gas bubbles and damage to the pores and exposure of the material to gas-liquid interfaces. During freezing a solid layer primarily of solid carbon dioxide is formed on and surrounding the material by transferring heat with a cryogenic liquid circulating about the material. This solid layer protects the material from gas-liquid interfaces and surface tension before decreasing pressure about the material by venting carbon dioxide.

The invention relates to a biohybrid for the use thereof in the regeneration of neural tracts, comprising an implantable tubular hybrid structure which is degradable and biocompatible and characterized in that it comprises three layers of different porosity: an inner layer a), an intermediate layer b) and an outer layer c), with uninterrupted connection among them, the three layers consisting of the same porous hydrogel based on cross-linked hyaluronic acid, a biohybrid comprising the hybrid tubular structure described, which can contain a fibrous material, preferably poly-L-lactic acid, to a method for producing said tubular hybrid structure and said biohybrid, and to the use of same for regenerating neural tracts in diseases that affect the central nervous system, preferably Parkinson's disease.

The invention relates to a biohybrid for the use thereof in the regeneration of neural tracts, comprising an implantable tubular hybrid structure which is degradable and biocompatible and characterized in that it comprises three layers of different porosity: an inner layer a), an intermediate layer b) and an outer layer c), with uninterrupted connection among them, the three layers consisting of the same porous hydrogel based on cross-linked hyaluronic acid, a biohybrid comprising the hybrid tubular structure described, which can contain a fibrous material, preferably poly-L-lactic acid, to a method for producing said tubular hybrid structure and said biohybrid, and to the use of same for regenerating neural tracts in diseases that affect the central nervous system, preferably Parkinson's disease.

The invention provides a porous stamp material for laser processing that is available for continuous extrusion molding. A material including at least 100 parts by weight of thermoplastic resin, 50-250 parts by weight of hydroxylated compound whose dehydration starting temperature is 100 to 500° C., and water-soluble pore-forming material that has 10-60 μm average particle diameter is mixed to obtain a mixed material. The obtained mixed material is extruded to obtain an extrusion molded product. The obtained extrusion molded product is processed with an aqueous solvent to elute the water-soluble pore-forming material, thereby yielding a porous stamp material that has continuous pores having 10-60 μm pore diameter. The obtained porous stamp material is laser-processed to manufacture a stamp.

Reverse osmosis membranes made by interfacial polymerization of a monomer in a nonpolar (e.g. organic) phase together with a monomer in a polar (e.g. aqueous) phase on a porous support membrane. Interfacial polymerization process is disclosed for preparing a highly permeable RO membrane, comprising: contacting on a porous support membrane, a) a first solution containing 1,3-diaminobenzene, and b) a second solution containing trimesoyl chloride, wherein at least one of solutions a) and b) contains nanoparticles when said solutions are first contacted, and recovering a highly permeable RO membrane.