A floor may include a substrate having a top side and a bottom side. A top layer may be provided on the substrate. The top layer may consist of a printed thermoplastic film and a thermoplastic transparent or translucent layer provided on the printed thermoplastic film. The top layer may be directly adhered to the substrate by heat welding the printed thermoplastic film and the top side of the substrate, in the absence of a glue layer. The substrate may be a synthetic material board including a filler. The substrate at least at two opposite edges may include coupling means provided in the synthetic material board. The thermoplastic transparent or translucent layer may be provided with a structure.

A material preparation device is provided. The material preparation device includes a bias-ply assembly, a feedstock assembly and an application head. The bias-ply assembly is configured to pass a bias-ply backing material along a first path. The feedstock assembly is configured to pass a feedstock along a second path that crosses the first path at a select angle. The feedstock includes resin pre-impregnated fiber-reinforced material (pre-preg) having the fibers at a first orientation relative to an edge of the feedstock. The application head is configured to transfer the pre-preg from the feedstock to the bias-ply backing material at a location where the first path crosses the second path to form a bias-ply with the fibers of the pre-preg having a second, different orientation relative to an edge of the formed bias-ply.

A method for welding two hollow profiled rods made of plastic to form a window frame. The profiled rods to be joined together are heated to a predetermined temperature by inserting a welding plate between their connecting surfaces and pressing the same against the welding plate, forming outer and inner beads, and the profiled rods are pressed together under pressure after removing the welding plate, with a simultaneous increase in the size of the weld bead. For all cross sections of the profiled rods and the plastics used for manufacturing the window frames, to obtain a type of shadow groove on the top side and/or front side and on the bottom side and/or rear side of the finished window frame in the area of or near the connecting sites of the finished window frame, only the outer beads formed on the visible surface of the subsequent window frame in the area of or near the connecting sites of the two profiled rods are pressed slightly inward after removing the welding plate forming an oblique edge, and then are removed together with the inner beads, and then the connecting surfaces of the two profiled rods are joined together.

Systems and methods are provided for laying up laminates. One embodiment is a method that includes laying up a multi-layer laminate of fiber reinforced material onto a surface, by: feeding a tape of fiber reinforced material to tape cutters which cut the tape into pieces, picking up pieces of the fiber reinforced material via pick-and-place devices at each of multiple lamination units that are in sequence in a direction of travel, and placing the pieces of fiber reinforced material via the pick-and-place devices to form a laminate as the surface and the lamination units change position with respect to each other and multiple pieces are laid-up concurrently.

A floor panel may include a substrate and a top layer located above the substrate. The substrate may include a closed cell foamed synthetic material layer with fillers. The closed cell foamed synthetic material layer may have an average density of more than 300 kilograms per cubic meter. The top layer may include a back layer, a printed synthetic material film located above the back layer, and a transparent or translucent synthetic material wear layer located above the printed synthetic material film. The back layer may include a vinyl compound with fillers. The back layer may have a thickness of at least 45 percent of the thickness of the top layer. The floor panel may be rectangular and oblong and may include a pair of long edges and a pair of short edges. The floor panel may include first mechanical coupling parts at the pair of long edges and second mechanical coupling parts at the pair of short edges. The first mechanical coupling parts may allow a horizontal and vertical locking of two of such floor panels using a turning movement along the respective long edges. The first mechanical coupling parts may include a tongue and a groove. The groove may be flanked by an upper lip and a lower lip. The first mechanical coupling parts may include a vertical locking mechanism having a vertically active locking surface at the upper side of the tongue and the lower side of the upper lip, respectively. The first mechanical coupling parts may include a horizontal locking mechanism having a horizontally active locking surface at the lower side of the tongue and the upper side of the lower lip, respectively. The horizontally active locking surfaces and the vertically active locking surfaces may be formed in the material of the closed cell foamed synthetic material layer.

A floor panel may include a substrate and a top layer. The substrate may include a closed cell foamed PVC layer. The top layer may include a back layer, a printed synthetic material film, a transparent or translucent synthetic material wear layer, and a surface layer. The printed synthetic material film may be a printed PVC film. The transparent or translucent synthetic material wear layer may include a vinyl layer, and have a thickness of 1 millimeter or less. The surface layer may include a UV hardened substance. The floor panel may include a pair of long edges with first mechanical coupling parts and a pair of short edges with second mechanical coupling parts. The first mechanical coupling parts may have vertically active locking surfaces, and horizontally active locking surfaces formed in the material of the closed cell foamed PVC layer.

A tubular liner for the rehabilitation of pipelines or canals, a cured liner, a process for manufacturing a liner, the use of said liner, a process for rehabilitating pipelines or canals and a rehabilitated pipeline or a rehabilitated canal, respectively. The tubular liner includes resin-impregnated fibrous layers, wherein at least one of the resin-impregnated fibrous layers is a transverse fibrous layer which mainly includes fibres arranged at an angle in a range from 45 degrees to 135 degrees with respect to the longitudinal direction of the tubular liner.

A method of manufacturing a sealing gasket is shown for use in a pipe sealing system. A pair of mating upper and lower mold plates are provided each having an exposed molding surface in the form of a spiral cavity. A length of pre-extruded elastomeric material in the shape of the near final form of the spiral mold cavity is laid into the mold cavities to substantially fill the cavities. The material may have hardened gripping elements incorporated therein. The upper and lower mold plates are closed to compress the elastomeric material within the spiral cavities and thereafter the material is cured to form a spiral strip. The spiral strip is then cut into given lengths having opposing free ends and the free ends are spliced to form completed sealing gaskets of a desired size.

A floor panel may include a substrate and a top layer. The substrate may include a closed cell foamed PVC layer. The top layer may include a back layer, a printed synthetic material film, a transparent or translucent synthetic material wear layer, and a surface layer. The printed synthetic material film may be a printed PVC film. The transparent or translucent synthetic material wear layer may include a vinyl layer, and have a thickness of 1 millimeter or less. The surface layer may include a UV hardened substance. The floor panel may include a pair of long edges with first mechanical coupling parts and a pair of short edges with second mechanical coupling parts. The first mechanical coupling parts may have vertically active locking surfaces, and horizontally active locking surfaces formed in the material of the closed cell foamed PVC layer.

A floor panel may include a substrate and a top layer located above the substrate. The substrate may include a closed cell foamed synthetic material layer with fillers. The closed cell foamed synthetic material layer may have an average density of more than 300 kilograms per cubic meter. The top layer may include a back layer, a printed synthetic material film located above the back layer, and a transparent or translucent synthetic material wear layer located above the printed synthetic material film. The back layer may include a vinyl compound with fillers. The back layer may have a thickness of at least 45 percent of the thickness of the top layer. The floor panel may be rectangular and oblong and may include a pair of long edges and a pair of short edges. The floor panel may include first mechanical coupling parts at the pair of long edges and second mechanical coupling parts at the pair of short edges. The first mechanical coupling parts may allow a horizontal and vertical locking of two of such floor panels using a turning movement along the respective long edges. The first mechanical coupling parts may include a tongue and a groove. The groove may be flanked by an upper lip and a lower lip. The first mechanical coupling parts may include a vertical locking mechanism having a vertically active locking surface at the upper side of the tongue and the lower side of the upper lip, respectively. The first mechanical coupling parts may include a horizontal locking mechanism having a horizontally active locking surface at the lower side of the tongue and the upper side of the lower lip, respectively. The horizontally active locking surfaces and the vertically active locking surfaces may be formed in the material of the closed cell foamed synthetic material layer.