One or more aspects of the present disclosure provide articles of manufacture and components of articles that incorporate an optical element that imparts structural color to the component or the article. The component comprises a cured or curable material, and can include or be made to have a textured surface.

A variable aperture device, which is suitable for photographing and filming of a camera module, includes a main body, a fluid passage, and a fluid accommodation cavity, wherein the main body is used to be provided in the camera module, and the main body has a light-transmitting region, the fluid passage is provided in the light-transmitting region of the main body, the fluid accommodation cavity is in communication with the fluid passage for an light-impermeable fluid to be driven to flow back and forth between the fluid accommodation cavity and the fluid passage to enlarge or reduce the light transmission area of the light-transmitting region.

One or more aspects of the present disclosure are directed to components having an optical element that imparts structural color to the component or article. The present disclosure is also directed to articles of manufacture including the component having an optical element, and methods for making components and articles having an optical element that imparts structural color.

Provided are a cylindrical base, a master and a method for manufacturing a master enabling a uniform transfer of a fine pattern. A cylindrical base of a quartz glass having an internal strain in terms of birefringence of less than 70 nm/cm is used. A resist layer is deposited to an outer circumference surface of this cylindrical base, a latent image is formed on the resist layer, the latent image formed on the resist layer is developed and the pattern of the developed resist layer is used as a mask for etching to form a structure including concaves or convexes arranged in a plurality of rows on the outer circumference surface of the cylindrical base.

A method for 3D printing an object with at least one wall (2) having a first surface and a second, opposite surface, wherein the first surface is intended to serve as an optical functional surface, wherein the wall is formed by printing one track (16) on top of another track (17). An orientation of the object during printing is selected such that the wall has a tangent (or tangent surface) non-parallel to the z-axis, such that the first surface faces away from the x-y plane and the second surface faces the x-y plane. According to the invention, the 3D object is thus oriented during printing such that the first surface, intended to be used as an optical functional surface, faces away from the x-y plane, i.e. typically away from the support or platform on which the 3D object is printed upon. By ensuring this orientation during printing, the first surface becomes smoother than the second, opposite surface of the wall.

Techniques for generating electronics components that operate free of unwanted distortions such as edge diffraction and unwanted phase jumps are described. A modified production master or a modified working stamp can be implemented to generate an electronic or optical component having structures that are positioned within a desired distance from a planar surface. A production master or a working stamp is modified in dependence upon a comparison of an identified distance for each respective structure to the planar surface and a desired distance. The modified production master or the modified working stamp generates the electronic or optical component by positioning the structures in accordance with the desired distance. By positioning the structures in accordance with the desired distance, electronic components generated using the modified production master or the modified working stamp minimize distortions, such as a phase jump between the structures.

Systems for the manufacturing of waveguide cells in accordance with various embodiments can be configured and implemented in many different ways. In many embodiments, various deposition mechanisms are used to deposit layer(s) of optical recording material onto a transparent substrate. A second transparent substrate can be provided, and the three layers can be laminated to form a waveguide cell. Suitable optical recording material can vary widely depending on the given application. In some embodiments, the optical recording material deposited has a similar composition throughout the layer. In a number of embodiments, the optical recording material spatially varies in composition, allowing for the formation of optical elements with varying characteristics. Regardless of the composition of the optical recording material, any method of placing or depositing the optical recording material onto a substrate can be utilized.

For manufacturing a stereoscopic image formation device 10, two molded preforms 21 made from a transparent first synthetic resin each having triangular-cross-sectional grooves 16 and triangular-cross-sectional ridges 17 alternately spaced in parallel, are manufactured by injection molding, and first and second light-control panels 11 and 11a each manufactured from one of the molded preforms 21 by forming perpendicular light-reflective surfaces 12 on a perpendicular surfaces 14 of the groove 16, are overlaid with each other with a transparent second synthetic resin being in between, and integrated. In the injection molding, a mold set 40 including thereinside a space 39 formed correspondingly to the shape of the molded preform 21 is used, a molten first synthetic resin 46 is provided into the space 39 of the mold set 40 heated to a temperature at which the first synthetic resin 46 is flow-able, and the mold set 40 is rapidly cooled.

Provided is a processing method for a multi-row, multi-column flat lens with an equivalent negative refractive index, which includes: performing photoresist coating, masking and exposure on the photolithography surface; removing photoresist in an unexposed block, and forming a rectangular groove; coating a surface of an exposed block and all surfaces of the rectangular groove with a protective layer, and then coating a side surface of the rectangular groove with a reflective film; removing the protective layer on the surface of the exposed block and the bottom surface of the rectangular groove, then filling up the groove with a filling material, and further processing the front and rear surfaces of the parallel plate in such a manner that a parallel misalignment between the front and rear surfaces thereof is smaller than 1′; and adding a protective window sheet on each of the front and rear surfaces of the new parallel plate.

An optical film includes: a fine recess-protrusion layer having a recess-protrusion pattern, formed on a substrate film; and a fine structure body formed on the fine recess-protrusion layer. The optical film is pressed by a light guide transparent to light against one surface of an adherend applied with a photocurable resin, and light is transmitted through the light guide to cure the photocurable resin with the optical film being pressed by the light guide, thereby forming the fine structure body on the adherend.