A three-dimensionally printed article comprises a build material and a support material, the support material comprising a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a DS of at least 1.0 and an MS of at least 0.6, wherein DS is the degree of substitution of methoxyl groups and MS is the molar substitution of hydroxypropoxyl groups. The support material can be removed from the build material by contacting the support material with water.

Methods and systems of fabrication of high resolution, high-throughput electrochemical sensing circuits on a substrate. High resolution electrochemical sensing circuits are printed by an effective additive technique to the substrate. Optionally, post-print annealing converts electrochemically inactive printed graphene into one that is electrochemically active. The printing can be by aerosol jet printing, but is not necessarily limited thereto. An example is inkjet printing and then the post-print annealing. Ink formulation would be adjusted for effectiveness with inkjet printing. Optionally biorecognition agents can be covalently bonded to the printed graphene for the purpose of electrochemical biosensing. High throughput fabrication of high-resolution graphene circuits (feature sizes in the tens of microns <50 m) for electrochemical biosensing is possible by chemical functionalization of the graphene surface with a biological agent.

The methods described herein can be used to produce constructs that are stronger and more resilient when subjected to repeated cyclic loading. The constructs can be formed by fabricating the construct in its mid-point conformation, and then repositioning the construct in its deployment conformation. Alternatively or additionally, the constructs can be formed with additional polymeric material and/or metals added in particular locations that correspond with the pattern of principal stress distribution when the construct is in use. Alternatively or additionally, the constructs can be formed with a plurality of fibers or metal particles embedded therein, where the fibers/particles are oriented in the direction(s) of major load(s) that are applied to the construct during use. Also described are constructs formed by the methods described above. The constructs are used in devices, medical implants, plastic flaps, tubing and/or pipes, and/or the wings of an airplane that are subjected to repeated cyclic loading.

The invention relates to a method for the production of lyocell staple fibers, comprising the steps in the following order: a) extruding filaments from a solution of cellulose in an organic solvent; b) precipitating the cellulose for the formation of continuous cellulose filaments; c) washing the cellulose filaments; d) contacting the cellulose filaments with a crosslinking agent; e) reacting the cellulose filaments with the crosslinking agent in a reaction chamber; f) washing the treated cellulose filaments; g) cutting the washed cellulose filaments into staple fibers; h) forming a nonwoven fleece from the staple fibers and pressing the nonwoven fleece; and i) finishing the nonwoven fleece and pressing the nonwoven fleece.

An artificial structure for promoting microalgae growth includes a 3D-printed structure formed by positioning a printing surface on a movable stage of a 3D bioprinter in contact with a bio-ink that includes a mixture of a pre-polymer material with one or more of cellulose-derived nanocrystals (CNC), and microalgae cells. By projecting modulated light onto the printing surface while moving the stage, the bio-ink is progressively polymerized to define layers of an artificial coral structure with microalgae cells disposed thereon, where the artificial coral structure is configured to scatter light within the structure.

The compositions herein are directed to a rubber composition, which contains a polymer crosslinked with methacrylate and polyacrylate, a polysaccharide or gum, and a cellulose base for filling molds.

The disclosure provides a runner protection tube for steel casting and a manufacturing method thereof. The runner protection tube for steel casting is made of a slurry composition for forming the runner protection tube for steel casting, the slurry composition includes organic fibers, inorganic fibers, thermosetting resins, thermoplastic resins, inorganic particles, inorganic binders, water, a lubricating oil and a hydrating agent.

Disclosed are methods for preparing non-filamentous scaffolds (e.g., sheets) for cell or tissue culture. These methods can comprise providing at least a first printing composition (e.g., a bioink) and a second printing composition (e.g., a bioink or a fugitive ink); chaotic printing the first printing composition and the second printing composition to generate a microstructured precursor comprising a plurality of lamellar structures formed from the first printing composition and the second printing composition; extruding the microstructured precursor through a nozzle (e.g., a fan-shaped nozzle, a curved fan-shaped nozzle, or an annular nozzle) to produce a non-filamentous microstructured precursor; and curing the non-filamentous microstructured precursor to provide the non-filamentous scaffold for cell or tissue culture.

Glycerin and sodium polyacrylate may be mixed at a first mixing speed for a first mixing time. Free water and a fibrillated cellulose mixture may be added to second mixer and mixed at a second mixing time speed for a second mixing time. The glycerin and the sodium polyacrylate may be mixed with the free water and fibrillated cellulose mixture at a third mixing speed for a third mixing time. One or more of sodium citrate, sodium bicarbonate, and sodium benzoate may be added and mixed at a fourth mixing speed for a fourth mixing time. Sodium carbonate may be added and mixed at a fifth mixing speed for a fifth mixing time. A surfactant mixture and optionally fragrances may be added and mixed at a sixth mixing speed for a sixth mixing time to form a final mixture, which may be transferred to molds, dehydrated, and removed.

Herein disclosed is a method of printing a 3D freeform structure in an embedding medium. The method includes providing an ink composition in a nozzle, wherein the ink composition includes a thermoplastic, a non-thermoplastic, a thermally degradable polymer, and/or a thermosensitive polymer, dissolved in a solvent; dispensing the ink composition through a nozzle into the embedding medium to precipitate a printed structure from the ink composition, wherein the ink composition exits from the nozzle directly in the embedding medium; and maintaining the printed structure in the embedding medium until the immersion precipitation is completed for forming the 3D freeform structure. A system operable to carry out the method is also disclosed. The system includes a syringe coupled to a nozzle.