A light directing article comprises an acrylic polyvinyl acetal film to protect the optical elements of the light directing article. The acrylic polyvinyl acetal film has a Tg of at least 30° C. and comprises a (meth)acrylic polymer and polyvinyl acetal polymer. The acrylic polyvinyl acetal film is flexible and durable to mechanical deformation.

The present invention relates to a polyvinyl acetal resin film, comprising a polyvinyl acetal resin material, wherein the polyvinyl acetal resin film has a thickness of 10 to 350 μm, one surface has a 10-point average roughness Rz value of less than 2 μm and a friction angle of larger than 31° but 40° or smaller, the other surface has a 10-point average roughness Rz value of 2 μm to 7 μm and a friction angle of 20° to 31°, a viscosity of a toluene/ethanol (1:1, mass ratio) solution containing 10%-by-mass of a polyvinyl acetal resin contained in the polyvinyl acetal resin material, which is measured at 20° C. and 30 rpm using a Brookfield-type (B-type) viscometer, is 100 to 1,000 mPa.Math.s, and the amount of a plasticizer in the polyvinyl acetal resin film is 0 to 20% by mass based on a total mass of the polyvinyl acetal resin film.

Disclosed are methods and systems for additive manufacturing in a fused filament fabrication process with the application of thermal radiation whereby the thermal radiation is irradiated at an emission spectrum approximately the same as the absorbance spectrum of the modeling material. Three-dimensional objects are formed by depositing modeling material from a print head 104 onto a base 102 while thermal radiation is simultaneously applied through a print heating device 110 and a layer heating device 310 whereby the movements and devices are controlled by control signals from a controller 116. In one embodiment, the print head 104 is cooled by pressured gas and is disposed inside of the print environment while the linear motion guides 112 are disposed external to the print environment.

A container blank having an article handling feature for handling the container blank as well as the flexible packages made therefrom during manufacture, and method of making flexible packages using such a feature are described herein. Also described herein is an array of flexible packages containing a common article handling feature provided by such a method.

A container blank having an article handling feature for handling the container blank as well as the flexible packages made therefrom during manufacture, and method of making flexible packages using such a feature are described herein. Also described herein is an array of flexible packages containing a common article handling feature provided by such a method.

An expansion device, including: an installation unit in which a thermally expandable sheet is disposed; an irradiation unit configured to irradiate the thermally expandable sheet placed on the installation unit with light; and a control unit configured to perform processes described below, wherein after an expansion process to expand the thermally expandable sheet by irradiating the thermally expandable sheet placed on the installation unit with light by the irradiation unit, a cooling process to cool the thermally expandable sheet by a predetermined cooling unit while maintaining the state in which the thermally expandable sheet is placed on the installation unit.

The invention relates to a tank of plastics material produced by blow-molding of a parison, incorporating a welding spout, of a shape projecting from its outer surface which has an edge configured to be welded to a corresponding edge of an attached part, the welding spout ending axially, on an inside of the tank, in a shape resulting from contact molding between the parison and a molding component, in which the welding spout ends axially on an outside of the tank in a shape resulting from contact molding between the parison and a molding component.

There is provided a water-soluble film containing polyvinyl alcohol resin, wherein a ratio RSm (LD/TD) is 1.2 or greater and 2.5 or less, where the RSm (LD/TD) is the ratio of an average length RSm (LD) of roughness curve elements on at least one film surface in the longitudinal direction to an average length RSm (TD) of roughness curve elements on the same film surface in the transverse direction. This allows provision of a water-soluble film that can be suitably used for manufacturing a package with excellent uniformity of seal strength, even for manufacturing a package with excellent uniformity of seal strength during high-speed sealing; and a package using the film.

A method of and apparatus for sinter forging a precursor powder to form a film may reduce or eliminate the stress in the film and may facilitate processing of continuous length of films such as ceramic films for use in batteries. The precursor powder can be provided on a substrate and is simultaneously heated and pressed in a pressing direction parallel to a thickness of the film so as to sinter and densify the precursor powder to form the film in a sinter forging area. Notably, in a plane perpendicular to the pressing direction, there are no lateral constraints on the sinter forging area or the material received therein.

Solution casting a nanostructure. Preparing a template by ablating nanoholes in a substrate using single-femtosecond laser machining. Replicating the nanoholes by applying a solution of a polymer and a solvent into the template. After the solvent has substantially dissipated, removing the replica from the substrate.