A first member formed of a thermoplastic resin molding mixed with a fiber material and a second member formed of a molding containing at least a thermoplastic resin are welded by friction stir spot welding using a double-acting tool for friction stir spot welding. An overlapping part between the first member and the second member is formed, and the tool is disposed against the overlapping part while the pin and the shoulder are rotated about the rotation axis. The pin is plunged into the overlapping part, and friction stir is performed to cause extension fibers to remain around a plunging region of the pin while the shoulder is retracted to release an overflow material. The shoulder is brought closer to the overlapping part to wrap the extension fibers into the overflow material when the overflow material is backfilled while the pin is retracted from the overlapping part.

A method of fabricating a laminar composite article, includes steps of spreading a plurality of continuous fiber tows from a spool to form a first ply layer having a substantially consistent layer thickness, applying a binder to the spread plurality of continuous fiber tows, curing the plurality of continuous fiber tows and applied binder at a cure temperature less than a thermal decomposition temperature of the binder, and processing the cured plurality of continuous fiber tows at a post-cure temperature greater than the cure temperature.

A method of bonding a first part on a second part made of composite material by an adhesive, in which the adhesive is filled with elements of shape memory alloy, is provided. A method of un-sticking the first part adhesively bonded on the composite material second part is also provided. The un-sticking method includes a step of weakening the adhesive interface that consists in subjecting the adhesively bonded parts to heat treatment performed at a temperature that is lower or higher than the martensitic transformation temperature of the shape memory alloy elements.

A method of bonding a first part on a second part made of composite material by an adhesive, in which the adhesive is filled with elements of shape memory alloy, is provided. A method of un-sticking the first part adhesively bonded on the composite material second part is also provided. The un-sticking method includes a step of weakening the adhesive interface that consists in subjecting the adhesively bonded parts to heat treatment performed at a temperature that is lower or higher than the martensitic transformation temperature of the shape memory alloy elements.

Methods for making an osteoimplant are provided. In one embodiment the method includes applying a mechanical force to an aqueous slurry of insoluble collagen fibers to entangle the insoluble collagen fibers so as to form a semi-solid mass of entangled insoluble collagen fibers; and lyophilizing the semi-solid mass of entangled collagen fibers to form the osteoimplant. An osteoimplant containing entangled insoluble collagen fibers is also provided.

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hollow structure body having a hollow structure, in which a first shaped product constituted by a first fiber-reinforced resin material containing first reinforcing fibers and a first matrix resin and a second shaped product constituted by a second fiber-reinforced resin material containing second reinforcing fibers and a second matrix resin are combined, wherein in an arbitrary cross section in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the hollow structure, a ratio Sc/St between compressive strength Sc of a structure in the first shaped product and tensile strength St of a structure in the second shaped product satisfies formula (1):
(σc/σt)*(Hc/Ht)<(Sc/St)<(σt/σc)*(Hc/Ht)  formula (1).

According to one aspect of the present invention, there is provided a hollow structure body having a hollow structure, in which a first shaped product constituted by a first fiber-reinforced resin material containing first reinforcing fibers and a first matrix resin and a second shaped product constituted by a second fiber-reinforced resin material containing second reinforcing fibers and a second matrix resin are combined, wherein in an arbitrary cross section in a direction perpendicular to an axial direction of the hollow structure, a ratio Sc/St between compressive strength Sc of a structure in the first shaped product and tensile strength St of a structure in the second shaped product satisfies formula (1):
(σc/σt)*(Hc/Ht)<(Sc/St)<(σt/σc)*(Hc/Ht)  formula (1).

A three-dimensional (3D) printing composition includes ceramic filaments comprising an additive having an aspect ratio of at least 2:1. 3D printed ceramic articles include the ceramic filaments.

An armor plate and method of making an armor plate is provided having the steps of: suspending a carbon fiber weave within a mold; heating aluminum 6061 or 7075 alloy to a molten state; pouring the molten aluminum into the mold having ceramic particulates in the range of 1 to 60 percent by volume of the molten aluminum and in the range of 3-44 microns in diameter; cooling the resultant matrixed aluminum to ambient temperature; and laminating at least two layers of ballistic fiber to the matrixed aluminum.

A method of fabricating a composite assembly may include providing a first laminate and a second laminate respectively formed of first and second composite plies, and having a respective first and second cured section and a respective first and second uncured section. The method may further include interleaving the first composite plies in the first uncured section with the second composite plies in the second uncured section to form an interfacial region. The method may additionally include curing the interfacial region to join the first laminate to the second laminate and form a unitized composite assembly.