The present invention relates to a freeze-drying mold and a method for manufacturing water-soluble polymer balls using the same, more specifically to a freeze-drying mold that is provided with a first mold having a plurality of first accommodation grooves formed on underside thereof and a plurality of discharge portions formed on top thereof to communicate with the plurality of first accommodation grooves and a second mold having a plurality of second accommodation grooves formed on top thereof to be facingly coupled to the plurality of first accommodation grooves of the first mold to thus provide a plurality of accommodation portions, and a method for manufacturing water-soluble polymer balls using the same. According to the present invention, the freeze-drying mold is capable of controlling the shrinkage rate of a solution in a freeze-drying process to make freeze-dried spherical materials, easily separating the made freeze-dried materials therefrom, and optimizing a drying efficiency thereof, and the method for manufacturing water-soluble polymer balls using the same is carried out so that the water-soluble polymer balls are constant in pore sizes and distributions, have high strength, and do not have any films on the surfaces thereof.