Sheet having fastening elements, comprising a base strip made of thermoplastic material and at least one element made from the strip, the element consisting of a stem extending in a transverse, in particular vertical, direction to the plane of the base strip, and having a cross section which is substantially uniform or decreases from the base strip towards the apex of the stem, in particular as far as the apex of the stem, and a part forming a head which protrudes laterally from the apex of the stem.

A roller-type depressing device that can depress an object like a die or a molding target by controlling the pressure of a roller, an imprint device, and a method utilizing the same are provided. A roller-type depressing device depresses an object like a die or a molding target by a main roller, and includes a pressure adjusting plate, a roller moving unit that moves the main roller relative to the object, a pressure adjusting unit that holds the pressure adjusting plate so that force produced by a pressure difference in fluid applied to both faces of the pressure adjusting plate acts on the main roller, a pressure receiving stage receiving pressure of the main roller, a pressure adjuster that adjusts the pressure difference in fluid applied to both faces of the pressure adjusting plate, and a pressure equalizer that equalizes pressure applied to the object by the main roller.

A biaxially oriented thermoplastic resin film has at least one surface of which has protrusions each having a height of 1 nm or more and less than 2 nm at a density of 110.sup.7 to 110.sup.9 protrusions per mm.sup.2. The thermoplastic resin film is capable of suppressing generation of coarse protrusions and contaminants, and defects in a processing process while having slipperiness.

The present invention relates to a method for manufacturing an optical sheet module, and the method comprises: a first pattern formation step of coating a top surface of a first base film with a liquid-state source material so as to form a first structured pattern; a provisional pattern curing step of semi-curing the first structured pattern while maintaining its shape; an adhesive layer coating step of coating a surface of a second base film with an adhesive layer; a provisional adhesive layer curing step of semi-curing the adhesive layer coated on the second base film; an adhesion step of adhering at least a part of the first structured pattern of the first base film to a bottom surface of the second base film; and a main curing step of curing the first structured pattern while the first base film and the second base film are adhered.

A detection apparatus includes an image pickup unit and a processor which detects a position of a mark using a two-dimensional image of the mark. The processor generates a one-dimensional signal having a plurality of peaks by accumulating images included in a detection region, detects peaks in which differences between values of the peaks and a reference value are equal to or larger than a threshold value and peaks in which differences between values of the peaks and the reference value are smaller than the threshold value from among the plurality of generated peaks and obtains a failure region in the mark, resets the detection region such that the differences between the values of the detected peaks and the reference value become smaller than the threshold value, generates a one-dimensional signal by accumulating images included in the reset detection region, and detects a position of the mark.

A structure with a substrate, and a fine-unevenness-structure layer provided to at least one surface of the substrate, wherein the fine-unevenness-structure layer is disposed at a surface of the structure, the indentation elastic modulus of the structure is 1-1300 MPa, and the ratio () of the rate of change of the coefficient of kinetic friction of the surface of the structure is 0.15-1.05, wherein =f/s: s represents the rate of change of the coefficient of kinetic friction of the surface of the structure at an initial-abrasion stage of a reciprocating abrasion test; and f represents the rate of change of the coefficient of kinetic friction of the surface of the structure immediately prior to the end of the reciprocating abrasion test. This structure exhibits excellent scratch resistance without compromising on the optical performance thereof, such as the antireflection performance.

There is provided an ejection material receiving unit capable of increasing the filling amount of ejection material with as little enlargement of the container itself as possible and an ejection material ejecting apparatus including the unit. Therefore, an ejection material receiving unit includes: a first receiving space capable of receiving ejection material; a second receiving space capable of receiving liquid; and a flexible member separating the first receiving space and the second receiving space, and is characterized in that the flexible member has a concave part which takes a concave shape in a state where the first receiving space is not filled with the ejection material and the second receiving space is not filled with the liquid, and the concave shape is a shape dented toward the second receiving space from the first receiving space, and is also a shape conforming to a wall forming the second receiving space.

Control of lateral strain and lateral strain ratio (d.sub.t/d.sub.b) between template and substrate through the selection of template and/or substrate thicknesses (T.sub.t and/or T.sub.b), control of template and/or substrate back pressure (P.sub.t and/or P.sub.b), and/or selection of material stiffness are described.

Methods of forming laminating adhesive articles include providing a multi-layer article, and a tool with a structured surface. The multi-layer articles include a substrate, an adhesive layer, and a liner. The multi-layer article is placed between the structured surface of the tool and a support surface that is hard and the tool is embossed against the liner by applying pressure or pressure/heat. The embossing causes the tool structures to distort the liner and the adhesive layer, and causes permanent topological changes in a portion of the adhesive layer, but does not distort the substrate. The distortion in the liner is retained upon release of the applied pressure. The portions of topologically changed adhesive can form convex structures that are permanent. Upon removal of the liner from the adhesive layer, the concave structures on the adhesive layer are unstable, but the convex structures are stable.

A detection apparatus includes an image pickup unit and a processor which detects a position of a mark using a two-dimensional image of the mark. The processor generates a one-dimensional signal having a plurality of peaks by accumulating images included in a detection region, detects peaks in which differences between values of the peaks and a reference value are equal to or larger than a threshold value and peaks in which differences between values of the peaks and the reference value are smaller than the threshold value from among the plurality of generated peaks and obtains a failure region in the mark, resets the detection region such that the differences between the values of the detected peaks and the reference value become smaller than the threshold value, generates a one-dimensional signal by accumulating images included in the reset detection region, and detects a position of the mark.