Wafer-level optical elements and the concave spacer-wafer apertures in which they are formed are disclosed. The wafer-level optical elements include a spacer wafer comprising a plurality of apertures. Each aperture has a concave shape in a planar cross-section of the spacer wafer and an overflow region intersecting the planar cross-section. The wafer-level optical elements also include an array of optical elements, each optical element of the array being formed of cured flowable material within a respective one of the plurality of apertures. A portion of the cured flowable material forming each optical element extends into the overflow region of the respective aperture of the plurality of apertures. The spacer wafer includes a plurality of apertures, each of the plurality of apertures having a concave shape in a planar cross-section of the spacer wafer. Each of the plurality of apertures includes an overflow region intersecting the planar cross-section.

A resin amount for forming each first-stage resin layer portion (a first-stage resin replica portion) 41da in a first process is defined to be greater than a resin amount for forming each second-stage resin layer portion (a second-stage resin replica portion) 41db in a second process. Therefore, at a boundary between the first-stage resin layer portion 41da and the second-stage resin layer portion 41db, a joint portion 48 at which resin overlaps is formed, whereby occurrence of an undercut shape can be avoided. Therefore, in a molding process using a sub-master die 40 and a sub-sub-master die 50 obtained from the sub-master die 40, occurrence of an undesired shape can be avoided, whereby mold release resistance can be reduced or eliminated.

A lens portion, a rib portion formed outside the lens portion, and a protruding portion protruding outward from a part of the rib portion are included, and the thickness of the rib portion is 1.4 times or more the thickness of an aperture end of a lens surface of the lens portion.

A photochromic polyurethane laminate wherein the photochromic polyurethane layer of the laminate has been crosslinked with an isocyanate-active prepolymer using a crosslinking agent. The crosslinking agent is formulated to have at least three functional groups that are reactive with functional groups of the polyurethane or of the isocyanate-active prepolymer. A method of making the photochromic polyurethane laminate includes steps of causing the crosslinking.

A method and device for injection moulding micro-components, including an injection moulding machine having a mould carrier, which supports a removable mould in which at least one mould cavity is provided; and a counter mould, which is arranged so as to be closed against the mould in such a way as to apply a centering force as well as moulding pressure to the mould when the counter mould is closed against the mould.

A process for applying a film structure onto a lens blank is improved by implementing a wedge piece when the film structure is pressed against the lens blank using a resilient cushion. The wedge piece forces the film structure to conform more tightly to the lens blank within a depression track existing on said lens blank. Then, the lens blank assembled with the film structure has a final optically useful area which is increased.

A method of providing a male mold half (1) for molding a toric contact lens at a predetermined target rotational orientation is disclosed. The male mold half comprises a front face (10) having a toric convex lens-forming surface (100) and a rear face (11) The method comprises the steps of: providing the male mold half (1) at a predetermined rotational orientation (PROM), picking the male mold half (1) up with a gripper (5) having a central axis (55), rotating the gripper (5) with the male mold half (1) about the central axis (55) of the gripper (5) by a predetermined rotational angle (α) towards the predetermined target rotational orientation (TROM), and releasing the rotated male mold half (1) from the gripper (5).

Prior to picking the male mold half (1) up, the method comprises centering the gripper (5) and the male mold half (1) relative to each other such that the central axis (55) of the gripper and a central axis (113) of the male mold (1) half coincide.

Technologies described herein provide an enhanced lens assembly. In some configurations, a lens assembly includes a barrel configured with a number of components arranged therein. The components include at least a first lens, a second lens and a spacer positioned between the lenses. At least one lens is fastened to the barrel by one or more techniques, which may include the application of an adhesive to hold the lens in a predetermined location within the barrel. In other techniques, a lens is fastened to the barrel by the use of a laser or other like device configured to weld the lens to the barrel. In some configurations, the first lens and the second lens can be separated by a spacer that is made from a material having a linear thermal expansion coefficient within a predetermined range.

[Object] To provide a chemical sensor capable of detecting light emitted from a detection target object efficiently, a method of producing the chemical sensor, and a chemical detection apparatus.

[Solving Means] A chemical sensor according to the present technology includes a substrate and a lens layer. On the substrate, at least one light detection unit is formed. The lens layer is laminated on the substrate and has optical transparency, and a lens structure is formed on a surface of the lens layer opposite to the substrate in a concave shape toward a lamination direction.

A multifunction lamp unit for a vehicle includes a housing, at least one light conductor with at least one illuminant provided by an LED on a printed circuit board, at least one light foil, and a clear lens. A method for manufacturing lamps for vehicles includes producing a housing, a light conductor, and a clear lens as one unit out of plastic in a 3-component injection procedure.