According to some illustrative embodiments, a protective product is provided that includes: at least one expandable slit paper sheet, said at least on expandable slit paper being expanded between opposing ends of said slit paper; a first embossed paper sheet facing said expanded slit paper sheet and a second paper sheet facing an opposite side of said at least one expanded slit paper sheet, at least one of said first embossed paper sheet and said second paper sheet being fixed to said expanded slit paper sheet at the opposing ends of said expanded slit paper sheet and thereby maintaining said expanded paper in its expanded state, said first embossed paper sheet having a plurality of embossings that increase the rigidity of said embossed paper sheet, whereby inhibiting deformation of said embossed paper sheet that is fixed to said expanded slit sheet paper.

A plastic bag opening device, which opens an inlet of a plastic bag having a pocket shape, includes an elevating member that lifts the plastic bag in a state in which a first surface of the plastic bag is adhered; and an air blower that injects air toward the inlet of the plastic bag adhered to the elevating member so that the inlet of the plastic bag is opened. Accordingly, the inlet of the plastic bag may be completely opened.

According to some illustrative embodiments, a protective product is provided that includes: at least one expandable slit paper sheet, said at least on expandable slit paper being expanded between opposing ends of said slit paper; a first embossed paper sheet facing said expanded slit paper sheet and a second paper sheet facing an opposite side of said at least one expanded slit paper sheet, at least one of said first embossed paper sheet and said second paper sheet being fixed to said expanded slit paper sheet at the opposing ends of said expanded slit paper sheet and thereby maintaining said expanded paper in its expanded state, said first embossed paper sheet having a plurality of embossings that increase the rigidity of said embossed paper sheet, whereby inhibiting deformation of said embossed paper sheet that is fixed to said expanded slit sheet paper.

A flap spreading device that folds back a front flap of a bottom portion of a flat tubular body, conveyed by a bottom folding drum, upside down with respect to a back flap and planarly spreads the front flap and the back flap along an outer peripheral surface of the bottom folding drum in a square bottom forming device of a bag making machine, and includes: a pair of guide plates that guides both side portions of the flat tubular body along a conveyance direction of the bottom folding drum to planarly spread the front flap and the back flap; a pair of robots having the pair of guide plates as end effectors; and a position and posture adjustment device that adjusts positions and postures of the pair of guide plates in a three-dimensional space to target positions and target postures through operations of the pair of robots.