A method of forming a CMP pad includes providing a solution of a block copolymer (BCP), where the BCP includes a first segment and a second segment connected to the first segment, the second segment being different from the first segment in composition. The method further includes processing the BCP to form a polymer network having a first phase and a second phase embedded in the first phase, where the first phase includes the first segment and the second phase includes the second segment, and subsequently removing the second phase from the polymer network, thereby forming a polymer film that includes a network of pores embedded in the first phase. Thereafter, the method proceeds to combining the CMP top pad and a CMP sub-pad to form a CMP pad, where the CMP top pad is configured to engage with a workpiece during a CMP process.

A method of forming a CMP pad includes providing a solution of a block copolymer (BCP), where the BCP includes a first segment and a second segment connected to the first segment, the second segment being different from the first segment in composition. The method further includes processing the BCP to form a polymer network having a first phase and a second phase embedded in the first phase, where the first phase includes the first segment and the second phase includes the second segment, and subsequently removing the second phase from the polymer network, thereby forming a polymer film that includes a network of pores embedded in the first phase. Thereafter, the method proceeds to combining the CMP top pad and a CMP sub-pad to form a CMP pad, where the CMP top pad is configured to engage with a workpiece during a CMP process.

Disclosed herein are tiles, systems, and methods related to manufacturing bullnose or other non-straight edge tiles. In a method of manufacturing a bullnose tile, the method comprises the steps of providing a tile, wherein the tile is a fired ceramic tile comprising a base and a decoration; cutting or milling the tile to form a bullnose edge; transporting the tile to at least a first printing station; printing at least one print layer of print media on the bullnose edge; transporting the tile to a curing station and curing the print media to provide the bullnose tile.

Disclosed herein are tiles, systems, and methods related to manufacturing bullnose or other non-straight edge tiles. In a method of manufacturing a bullnose tile, the method comprises the steps of providing a tile, wherein the tile is a fired ceramic tile comprising a base and a decoration; cutting or milling the tile to form a bullnose edge; transporting the tile to at least a first printing station; printing at least one print layer of print media on the bullnose edge; transporting the tile to a curing station and curing the print media to provide the bullnose tile.

Joiners, methods of joining, and related systems for additive manufacturing are provided. The method of joining includes bulk depositing, by an additive manufacturing tool head, a joiner (anchor) of a second material in a receptacle in a body of a first material. Also, the method of joining includes depositing an anchor layer of a third material upon the anchor. Networks of joiners in 3D printed parts, multi-material parts comprising joiners, computer program products for providing joiners, joiner systems including trolleys, and related methods and systems are also provided. Further provided is a system, and method, for securing a part to a build platform and separating the part from the build platform.

The present disclosure provides an anti-slip floor tile including a base layer, a decorative layer on the base layer, and a wear resistant layer on the decorative layer. The wear resistant layer includes a non-rigid or semi-rigid thermoplastic resin, and a plurality of first mineral particles uniformly distributed inside the thermoplastic resin. The present disclosure can improve the wear resistance of the anti-slip floor tile by dispersing the first mineral particles in the wear resistant layer.

Proposed is a composite material with a helical structure and, more particularly, a composite material with a helical structure that has a vibration absorption property. The composite material includes a laminated structure formed by stacking a plurality of sheet layers on top of each other. The structural structure has a helical structure in which two adjacent sheet layers are slid with respect thereto with a predetermined angle being made therebetween in a stacking direction, and the predetermined angle α is less than 45°

Proposed is a composite material with a helical structure and, more particularly, a composite material with a helical structure that has a vibration absorption property. The composite material includes a laminated structure formed by stacking a plurality of sheet layers on top of each other. The structural structure has a helical structure in which two adjacent sheet layers are slid with respect thereto with a predetermined angle being made therebetween in a stacking direction, and the predetermined angle α is less than 45°

The present disclosure relates to a hollow board 1 with first and second main surface layers 3, 5. A plurality of distance elements connecting the first and second main surface layers and maintain a predetermined distance there between. The main surface layers include at least a layer of high-density fiber, HDF, board, and a plurality of distance elements are distributed in the space between the main surface layers, and at least some comprise at least one elongate HDF board strip 15 which is oriented such that its longitudinal edges interconnect the first and second main surface layers 3, 5. The HDF boards of the surface layers and of the at least some of the distance elements comprise wood particles bonded by a resin including an isocyanate, such as methylene diphenyl di-isocyanate, MDI.

The present invention provides a system, method, and apparatus for producing a dimensionally stable extruded board product for use in surface coverings. The board product may be a basalt casting powder-based product for use as a substrate for wall or other surface coverings or may be used as a core layer in a modular floor covering unit. The modular floor covering unit comprises multiple layers. The layers are a thin cut stone veneer layer, a core layer with a density similar to that of the thin cut stone veneer layer, and an optional magnetically receptive underlayment layer. Other layers or combinations of layers may also be used.