A deflection member that includes a reinforcing member and a plurality of tiles fastened to the reinforcing member.

A folding metal back plate includes a first plate portion, a second plate portion, and a folding plate portion connected to the first plate portion and the second plate portion. The folding plate portion has two first folding areas respectively disposed close to the first plate portion and the second plate portion, and a second folding area formed between the two first folding areas. The first folding area has multiple rows of spaced first openings. The second folding area has multiple rows of spaced second openings. Each first folding area constitutes a first unfolding length. The second folding area constitutes a second unfolding length. The first unfolding length of the first folding area is 0.2 to 0.5 times the second unfolding length of the second folding area.

An underlayment that meets underlayment requirements and provides thermal insulation is disclosed. The underlayment includes a core material and an upper emittance layer having an exterior surface. An upper reinforcement layer is positioned between the upper emittance layer and the core material. A first encapsulation layer is positioned between the upper emittance layer and the upper reinforcement layer. A second encapsulation layer is positioned between the upper reinforcement layer and the core material. The underlayment includes a lower emittance layer having an exterior surface. A lower reinforcement layer is positioned between the lower emittance layer and the core material. A third encapsulation layer is positioned between the lower emittance layer and the lower reinforcement layer. A fourth encapsulation layer is positioned between the lower reinforcement layer and the core material.

An underlayment that meets underlayment requirements and provides thermal insulation is disclosed. The underlayment includes a core material and an upper emittance layer having an exterior surface. An upper reinforcement layer is positioned between the upper emittance layer and the core material. A first encapsulation layer is positioned between the upper emittance layer and the upper reinforcement layer. A second encapsulation layer is positioned between the upper reinforcement layer and the core material. The underlayment includes a lower emittance layer having an exterior surface. A lower reinforcement layer is positioned between the lower emittance layer and the core material. A third encapsulation layer is positioned between the lower emittance layer and the lower reinforcement layer. A fourth encapsulation layer is positioned between the lower reinforcement layer and the core material.

A hybrid metal composite (HMC) structure comprises tiers comprising fiber composite material structures, and additional tiers longitudinally adjacent one or more of the tiers and comprising perforated metallic structures and additional fiber composite material structures laterally adjacent the perforated metallic structures. Methods of forming an HMC structure, and related rocket motors and multi-stage rocket motor assemblies are also disclosed.

A hybrid metal composite (HMC) structure comprises tiers comprising fiber composite material structures, and additional tiers longitudinally adjacent one or more of the tiers and comprising perforated metallic structures and additional fiber composite material structures laterally adjacent the perforated metallic structures. Methods of forming an HMC structure, and related rocket motors and multi-stage rocket motor assemblies are also disclosed.

Described herein is a multilayer microporous film or membrane that may exhibit improved properties, including improved dielectric break down and strength, compared to prior monolayer or tri-layer microporous membranes of the same thickness. The preferred multilayer microporous membrane comprises microlayers and one or more lamination barriers. Also disclosed is a battery separator or battery comprising one or more of the multilayer microporous films or membranes. The inventive battery and battery separator is preferably safer and more robust than batteries and battery separators using prior monolayer and tri-layer microporous membranes. Also, described herein is a method for making the multilayer microporous separators, membranes or films described herein.

A wax-extender emulsion including a plurality of wax-extender complex particles suspended in water is described. A wax-extender complex includes a wax component, an organic extender component and a surfactant that stabilizes the wax component and the organic extender component collectively to form the wax-extender complex. The wax-extender emulsion comprises from 2 wt% to 30 wt% organic extender. During manufacturing, the organic extender and wax component are emulsified and homogenized together to produce the wax-extender emulsion. The wax-extender emulsion can be co-applied as a mixture with adhesive resin during wood-based composite manufacturing.

A concrete construction made by 3D concrete printing having two or more layers of cementitious material extruded one above the other, and a reinforcing structure reinforcing the two or more layers. The reinforcing structure has at least two flexible longitudinal elongated steel elements running in lengthwise direction, and one or more flexible transverse steel elements forming an angle with the lengthwise direction so that these flexible transverse steel elements are present in the two or more layers. The structure also has a positioning element for positioning the at least two flexible longitudinal elongated elements and the flexible transverse steel elements, a polymer coating or yarns making stitches. The polymer coating or the stitches are applied on the at least two flexible longitudinal elongated steel elements, on the flexible transverse steel elements and on the positioning element thereby making a bond.

A system and method for thermoplastic composite welding comprising a cooling means and a heat source. The cooling means cools a heat-side laminate so as to create a thermal gradient in the heat-side laminate. The heat source heats the heat-side laminate after the cooling step is initiated but before the thermal gradient dissipates so that a first side of the heat-side laminate closer to the heat source does not deform as faying surfaces of the heat-side laminate and another laminate farther away from the heat source are welded together.