To provide a laminate excellent in alkali resistance and interlaminar strength at high temperature, and a process for producing the laminate. A process for producing a laminate, comprising producing a non-crosslinked laminate having a layer of a first composition containing a copolymer having fluorine atoms and a layer of a second composition containing a non-fluorinated elastic polymer, and crosslinking the first composition and the second composition to produce a laminate having a first layer formed of a crosslinked product of the first composition and a second layer formed of a crosslinked product of the second composition, wherein when the first composition and the second composition contains a common crosslinking aid, the absolute value of the crosslinking rate difference between the first composition and the second composition is at most 0.30.

A laminated film exhibits a certain adhesive property to various adherends having shapes or different irregularity shapes. The laminated film includes a resin layer A on one surface of a substrate and a resin layer B on the other surface. The resin layer A has a ten-point average surface roughness Rz(a) of 1.5 μm or more and 5.0 μm or less and a storage elastic modulus G′ at 25° C. and 1 Hz of 3.0×10.sup.5 Pa or more.

A laminated film exhibits a certain adhesive property to various adherends having shapes or different irregularity shapes. The laminated film includes a resin layer A on one surface of a substrate and a resin layer B on the other surface. The resin layer A has a ten-point average surface roughness Rz(a) of 1.5 μm or more and 5.0 μm or less and a storage elastic modulus G′ at 25° C. and 1 Hz of 3.0×10.sup.5 Pa or more.

Adding silica particles having specified collective characteristics to a fluororubber formulation enhances direct adhesion between the fluororubber formulation and a copolymer upon curing. Specifically, as measured before being mixed into the fluororubber formulation, the silica particles have an average value of the product “(particle size)×(circularity)” that is 17.5 nm or higher and 500 μm or lower. The silica particles may also have an average particle size of between 25.0 nm inclusive and 500 μm inclusive, and an average circularity of 0.80 or higher. Alternatively, as measured after being incorporated into the fluororubber formulation and then cured, the silica particles have an apparent average value of the product “(particle size)×(circularity)” that is 32.0 nm or higher and 500 μm or lower. The silica particles may also have an apparent average particle size of between 40.0 nm inclusive and 500 μm inclusive as measured after being incorporated into the fluororubber formulation and then cured.

Adding silica particles having specified collective characteristics to a fluororubber formulation enhances direct adhesion between the fluororubber formulation and a copolymer upon curing. Specifically, as measured before being mixed into the fluororubber formulation, the silica particles have an average value of the product “(particle size)×(circularity)” that is 17.5 nm or higher and 500 μm or lower. The silica particles may also have an average particle size of between 25.0 nm inclusive and 500 μm inclusive, and an average circularity of 0.80 or higher. Alternatively, as measured after being incorporated into the fluororubber formulation and then cured, the silica particles have an apparent average value of the product “(particle size)×(circularity)” that is 32.0 nm or higher and 500 μm or lower. The silica particles may also have an apparent average particle size of between 40.0 nm inclusive and 500 μm inclusive as measured after being incorporated into the fluororubber formulation and then cured.

Provided is a soundproof structure that is small and light and can reduce a noise with a high specific frequency of a sound source at a plurality of frequencies at the same time. The soundproof structure has a membrane-like member, a plate-like member that is disposed to face the membrane-like member and in which at least one through-hole is formed, and a support that is formed of a rigid body and supports the plate-like member and the membrane-like member, in which the membrane-like member is supported by the support so as to perform membrane vibration, in which a rear surface space is provided between the membrane-like member and the plate-like member, in which a first space is provided on a side opposite to the rear surface space with the plate-like member sandwiched therebetween, in which the membrane-like member, the support, the plate-like member, and the rear surface space form a first sound absorbing portion that absorbs a sound by membrane vibration, in which the plate-like member, the support, and the first space form a second sound absorbing portion that absorbs a sound by Helmholtz resonance, and in which assuming that a fundamental frequency of membrane vibration of the membrane-like member in a case where the plate-like member is regarded as a rigid body in which the through-hole is not formed in the first sound absorbing portion is f.sub.m1 and a fundamental frequency of Helmholtz resonance of the second sound absorbing portion is f.sub.h1, f.sub.m1<f.sub.h1 is satisfied.

The present invention is directed to an air spring sleeve comprising: an outer layer, at least one reinforcing layer, and an inner layer that form the sleeve; the outer layer and the inner layer are formed of an elastomeric composition, with the proviso that the elastomeric composition does not comprise epichlorohydrin; and the at least one reinforcing layer comprises a plurality of reinforcing elements disposed between a layer of the elastomeric composition, wherein the elastomeric composition of the at least one reinforcing layer is identical to the elastomeric composition of the outer layer and the inner layer.

The present invention is directed to an air spring sleeve comprising: an outer layer, at least one reinforcing layer, and an inner layer that form the sleeve; the outer layer and the inner layer are formed of an elastomeric composition, with the proviso that the elastomeric composition does not comprise epichlorohydrin; and the at least one reinforcing layer comprises a plurality of reinforcing elements disposed between a layer of the elastomeric composition, wherein the elastomeric composition of the at least one reinforcing layer is identical to the elastomeric composition of the outer layer and the inner layer.

A high-pressure hose includes: an internal rubber layer; an external rubber layer; reinforcement layers having even number of layers, two or more of the reinforcement layers are provided between the internal rubber layer (10) and the external rubber layer (20), a plurality of reinforcement wires (41a to 44a) are wound around the reinforcement layers in a spiral shape such that winding directions of the reinforcement wires (41a to 44a) alternate; and intermediate rubber layers (51 to 54), each of which is disposed between the reinforcement layers (41 to 44) having even number of layers. A same winding angle (α) is set for the reinforcement wires (41a to 44a) in all levels of the reinforcement layers (41 to 44) having even number of layers, and a winding pitch (P) of the reinforcement wires (41a to 44a) in the reinforcement layers (41 to 44) having even number of layers is set to increase in an order from a side of the internal rubber layer (10) to a side of the external rubber layer (20).

An elastomeric laminate comprises at least two adjacent cohesive layers, the first layer consisting of a composition based on 10 to 100 phr of a copolymer of ethylene and of a 1,3-diene of formula CH.sub.2═CR—CH═CH.sub.2, the ethylene units in the copolymer representing more than 50 mol % of the monomer units of the copolymer, the symbol R representing a hydrocarbon chain having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, from 0 to 90 phr of a diene elastomer having a content by weight of diene unit of greater than 50%, and a crosslinking system; the second layer consisting of a composition based on a diene elastomer having a content by weight of diene unit of greater than 50% and a crosslinking system. Also disclosed is a tire, in particular a tire provided with a sidewall, comprising this composition.