An apparatus includes a base, a reservoir, a vessel, a conduit, a sensor, a resistance measurement wire connected to the conduit, a microprocessor, and a pump. The reservoir is configured to hold a fluid such as water or soap. The microprocessor is configured to receive a signal from the sensor indicative of whether an object (such as a user's hand) is disposed proximate the sensor and receive a second signal from the resistance measurement wire indicative of a resistance measurement of the conduit. The pump is configured to provide a motive force to the fluid through the conduit in a circumstance in which the signal indicates that the object is disposed proximate the sensor and the second signal indicates that the resistance measurement of the conduit is above a threshold, wherein the threshold corresponds to a lack of the fluid in the conduit.

An apparatus includes a base, a reservoir, a vessel, a conduit, a sensor, a resistance measurement wire connected to the conduit, a microprocessor, and a pump. The reservoir is configured to hold a fluid such as water or soap. The microprocessor is configured to receive a signal from the sensor indicative of whether an object (such as a user's hand) is disposed proximate the sensor and receive a second signal from the resistance measurement wire indicative of a resistance measurement of the conduit. The pump is configured to provide a motive force to the fluid through the conduit in a circumstance in which the signal indicates that the object is disposed proximate the sensor and the second signal indicates that the resistance measurement of the conduit is above a threshold, wherein the threshold corresponds to a lack of the fluid in the conduit.

A membrane unit includes: a cross-flow membrane filter; a cylindrical casing housing the membrane filter; a cap provided with an inflow port that allows water to flow into the casing, a first discharge port that discharges, to outside of the casing, permeated water obtained as a result of water that flows into the casing from the inflow port permeating the membrane filter, and a second discharge port that discharges, to the outside of the casing, concentrated water obtained as a result of water being concentrated as a result of the permeated water permeating the membrane filter, the cap detachably occluding the casing; and a positioning member which is fixed to the cap taking the first discharge port as a reference, and which defines a position of the membrane filter inside the casing.

A membrane unit includes: a cross-flow membrane filter; a cylindrical casing housing the membrane filter; a cap provided with an inflow port that allows water to flow into the casing, a first discharge port that discharges, to outside of the casing, permeated water obtained as a result of water that flows into the casing from the inflow port permeating the membrane filter, and a second discharge port that discharges, to the outside of the casing, concentrated water obtained as a result of water being concentrated as a result of the permeated water permeating the membrane filter, the cap detachably occluding the casing; and a positioning member which is fixed to the cap taking the first discharge port as a reference, and which defines a position of the membrane filter inside the casing.