Methods for forming multi-layer substrates including top and bottom surface layers and a melt softened thermoplastic material layer between the exterior surface layers, where the thermoplastic material includes polyethylene or has a tan delta value of 0.2 to 0.4 within the temperature range of 100° F.-350° F. The 3 (or more) layers are assembled, and heated, melt softening the thermoplastic material, causing bonding of the thermoplastic layer to the exterior surface layers. A cleaning composition may be loaded onto the multi-layer substrate, where a fluid pathway through the melted thermoplastic material allows the cleaning composition to travel between the surface layers. Adhesion between the surface layers and the thermoplastic layer is provided by the thermoplastic material itself, which bonds to groups of fibers in the surface layers. The process does not require chemical adhesives, any processing water, drying, or the like, so as to be possible with low capital investment.

A total heat exchanging element which is obtained by bonding liners and flutes together and can keep excellent total heat exchange efficiency, wherein each of the liners contains a moisture absorbent in an amount of 1 to 10 g/m.sup.2and each of the flutes has a water contact angle 2 seconds after dropping of 60° to 120°.

A laterally-coiled adhesively-retained low force backer for installation prior to application of a liquid sealant with sufficient surface adhesion to remain in place for such application and curing.

A cloth mask includes a body, where the body has a piece of copper ion cloth and a piece of zinc oxide antibacterial cloth, the copper ion cloth is woven by a mixture of a first yarn, a second yarn and a copper yarn, the first yarn has a hydrophobicity and a moisture permeability and can form a water-resistant surface, and has a water-repellent effect and is exposed at an inner layer of the copper ion cloth, and the second yarn has a moisture-removing property and can form an antibacterial and moisture-removing surface to be exposed together with the copper yarn on a surface of the copper ion cloth.

Hybrid composite materials including carbon nanotube sheets and flexible ceramic materials, and methods of making the same are provided herein. In one embodiment, a method of forming a hybrid composite material is provided, the method including: placing a layer of a first flexible ceramic composite on a lay-up tooling surface; applying a sheet of a pre-preg carbon fiber reinforced polymer on the flexible ceramic composite; curing the flexible ceramic composite and the pre-preg carbon fiber reinforced polymer sheet together to form a hybrid composite material; and removing the hybrid composite material from the lay-up tooling surface, wherein the first flexible ceramic composite comprises an exterior surface of the hybrid composite material.

The present disclosure relates generally to roofing elements and methods for making them. In one embodiment, the disclosure provides a roofing element in the form of a roofing shingle that includes a body of a foamed cured cross-linked polymer, the body having a top surface and a bottom surface, the body extending substantially in a plane and having a thickness in the range of 0.5 mm to 35 mm; and a layer of weather-resistant roofing granules disposed on and adhered at the top surface of roofing element. The roofing element can be made by providing a body of wet foamed curable composition, and allowing the curable composition to cure to provide the body of foamed cured cross-linked polymer.

A conductive composite panel includes a conductive connection layer and a base layer made of a thermoplastic material, and the conductive connection layer is embedded in the base layer made of the thermoplastic material; and the conductive connection layer includes a plurality of conductive metal wires and a bus bar connected to the conductive metal wires, and the conductive metal wires are configured for being electrically connected to a back electrode of a back-contact solar-cell sheet. The conductive composite panel provided by the application has simple structure and low cost; and is easily cut into various sizes and shapes, is convenient for use in combination with various back panels, and has flexible application scenarios; when configured for connection with the back-contact solar cell, the conductive composite panel has the advantages of being highly efficient, resistant to hidden cracks, and capable of achieving thin cells.

A face mask includes an aroma layer. The aroma layer includes one or more melt-blown layers or one or more scrim layers. The aroma layer includes a plurality of fibers with an aroma integrated therewith. The aroma layer includes an aroma layer outer side and an aroma layer inner side. The face mask includes an outer scrim layer and an inner scrim layer. The outer scrim layer is positioned adjacent the aroma layer outer side. The inner scrim layer is positioned adjacent the aroma layer inner side.

Disclosed is a ceramic matrix component having a fibrous core and a ceramic matrix composite shell surrounding at least a portion of the fibrous core. The ceramic matrix composite shell comprises a fibrous preform. The fibrous core has a greater porosity than the fibrous preform. A method of making the ceramic matrix component is also disclosed.

Layers of plies of composite material are laid on a convex tool surface. A first layer is placed with a first ply of a first section having a gap edge adjacent a gap edge of a first ply of a second section, the edges being parallel and a contraction distance from each other. A second layer is placed with a second ply of the first section having a gap edge adjacent a gap edge of a second ply of the second section, the edges being parallel and a contraction distance from each other, the second ply of the second section overlapping onto the first ply of the first section by a splice distance. Consolidation and curing cause contraction of the layers toward the tool, allowing the adjacent gap edges of each layer to be in close proximity or in contact after moving toward each other during the contraction.