Methods of marking plastic-based products and marked plastic-based products are provided. Some methods include irradiating the product to alter the functionalization of the plastic. In general, the present disclosure features methods of marking substrates, e.g., substrates including plastics, such as plastic-based products, such as polymer banknotes. Such plastics can be rigid or flexible, e.g., elastomeric. Such plastics can be thermoplastic or thermosets. In some cases, the products are marked by irradiating plastic-based materials, e.g., sheet materials, under conditions that alter characteristics of the irradiated plastic.

According to one or more embodiments of the present invention, a mirrored apparatus includes a substrate with a non-metal inorganic material that is non-diamond turnable. The mirrored apparatus further includes a finish layer arranged on the surface of the substrate. The finish layer has a polished surface opposite the substrate. The mirrored apparatus also includes a reflective layer arranged on the polished surface of the finish layer.

A thermally expandable sheet includes:

a first thermally expansive layer that is formed on one side of a base and contains a first thermally expandable material; and

a second thermally expansive layer that is formed on the first thermally expansive layer and contains a second thermally expandable material,

wherein the second thermally expandable material further contains white pigment.

Provided is a curable silicone composition, a cured product thereof, a laminate body, a manufacturing method thereof, and an optical device or optical display exhibiting excellent performance for use as a member where transparency is required such as for an optical display, a touch panel, or the like. A curable silicone composition, comprises: (A) an organopolysiloxane having in a molecule at least 2 alkenyl groups with 2 to 12 carbon atoms; (B) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least 2 silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms per molecule; and (C) a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst. Component (B) is present in an amount such that the silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in component (B) are 0.5 to 2 mol per mol of aliphatic unsaturated carbon-carbon bonds in component (A), and 2 to 17.5 mol % of the silicon-bonded organic groups in the curable silicone composition are aryl groups.

The present invention provides a sheet, wherein the sheet has an excellent low-gloss feeling; even when oblique light is incident on a surface of the sheet, diffuse reflection of the light is suppressed, the surface is less likely to look white when viewed obliquely, and a design represented on the sheet can be visually recognized; and the sheet has excellent designability. In the sheet, a surface of the sheet has an arithmetic average roughness Ra (JIS B0633: 2001) of 0.7 m or less, and the reflectance at a detection angle equal to a regular reflection angle 5, measured by a variable angle photometer when the surface is irradiated with incident light at an incident angle of 75, is 50% or less of the reflectance at the regular reflection angle.

An adhesive composition for temporarily attaching a substrate to a support plate which supports the substrate, including a thermoplastic resin and a release agent.

A polyimide dry film including a carrier and a polyimide layer and a method of using the same are provided. The polyimide layer contains (a) a polyimide precursor or soluble polyimide and (b) a solvent. The solvent includes a hydrophilic solvent and a hydrophobic solvent and a weight ratio of the hydrophilic solvent to the hydrophobic solvent is in the range of about 0.05 to about 2. The polyimide dry film of the present invention has water absorbability, is relatively stable even in the presence of water, and has a non-sticky surface. The resulting polyimide has excellent physical properties and can be used in a process in which water or an aqueous solution is involved to form a coverlay with excellent physical properties.

The present invention provides a method for manufacturing a metal joint that promotes adhesion between metallic joint surfaces to improve joint strength. Pulse lasers are illuminated to at least surface portions, where riveting is to be implemented, of surfaces of metal plates (1), so that the surface portions are molten and solidified to form surface modification thin films (4); and multiple metal plates (1) are stacked to form a laminated metal plate (5) by facing the surface modification thin films (4) to each other, and pressurized shaping is performed on the laminated metal plate (5) by using a punch (7) and a die (6) to implement riveting.

An adhesive composition for temporarily attaching a substrate to a support plate which supports the substrate, including a thermoplastic resin and a release agent.

Methods of bonding polyester substrates together, comprising externally delivering thermal energy onto the bonding surfaces of the substrates and bringing the bonding surfaces into proximity with each other and bonding the substrates to each other.