The present disclosure provides electrolyte solutions for electrodeposition of zinc-manganese alloys, methods of forming electrolyte solutions, methods of electrodepositing zinc-manganese alloys, and multilayered zinc-manganese alloys. An electrolyte solution for electroplating can include a metal salt, boric acid, an alkali metal chloride, polyethylene glycol, and a hydroxy benzaldehyde. An electrolyte solution can be formed by dissolving a metal salt, boric acid, an alkali metal chloride, polyethylene glycol, and a hydroxy benzaldehyde in water or an aqueous solution. Electrodepositing zinc-manganese alloys on a substrate can include introducing a cathode and an anode into an electrolyte solution comprising a metal salt, boric acid, an alkali metal chloride, polyethylene glycol, and a hydroxy benzaldehyde. Electrodepositing can further include passing a current between the cathode and the anode through the electrolyte solution to deposit zinc and manganese onto the cathode.

Provided is a metal joint (5) including: a Ag—Cu—Zn layer (7); and Cu—Zn layers (6) joined to both surfaces of the Ag—Cu—Zn layer (7), wherein the Ag—Cu—Zn layer (7) has a composition in which a Cu component is 1 atm % or more and 10 atm % or less, a Zn component is 1 atm % or more and 40 atm % or less, and the balance is a Ag component with respect to the total 100 atm %, and wherein the Cu—Zn layers (6) have a composition in which a Zn component is 10 atm % or more and 40 atm % or less and the balance is a Cu component with respect to the total 100 atm %. It is therefore possible to obtain the metal joint (5), which is capable of joining metal base materials to each other without being limited to aluminum-based materials, and also have high mechanical strength.

Threaded parts such as bolts are rust-proofed by using a treatment liquid including a binder resin containing silica and at least one of a modified epoxy resin obtained by graft polymerization using a carboxylic acid-containing acrylic polymer as a side chain and a modified acrylic resin obtained by graft polymerization using a carboxylic acid-containing acrylic polymer as a side chain. By using this treatment liquid, coating treatment can be carried out at one time without need to use an organic solvent. There is an advantage that the friction coefficient does not increase even when tightening is repeated.

A method of producing a gas barrier laminate of the present disclosure includes a step of forming a coating film on a surface of a base film or a laminate including the base film, the coating film containing zinc ions, at least one of metal alkoxide and a hydrolysate thereof, and an aqueous polymer, and a step of drying the coating film to form a gas barrier layer on the surface of the base film or the laminate including the base film. A gas barrier laminate of the present disclosure includes a base film or a laminate including the base film, and a gas barrier layer provided on a surface of the base film or the laminate including the base film. In the gas barrier laminate, the gas barrier layer contains zinc dispersed in the gas barrier layer and an organic-inorganic composite.

The present disclosure provides electrolyte solutions for electrodeposition of zinc-manganese alloys, methods of forming electrolyte solutions, methods of electrodepositing zinc-manganese alloys, and multilayered zinc-manganese alloys. An electrolyte solution for electroplating can include a metal salt, boric acid, an alkali metal chloride, polyethylene glycol, and a hydroxy benzaldehyde. An electrolyte solution can be formed by dissolving a metal salt, boric acid, an alkali metal chloride, polyethylene glycol, and a hydroxy benzaldehyde in water or an aqueous solution. Electrodepositing zinc-manganese alloys on a substrate can include introducing a cathode and an anode into an electrolyte solution comprising a metal salt, boric acid, an alkali metal chloride, polyethylene glycol, and a hydroxy benzaldehyde. Electrodepositing can further include passing a current between the cathode and the anode through the electrolyte solution to deposit zinc and manganese onto the cathode.

An anti-corrosion terminal material including a base material made of copper or copper alloy and a coating film laminated on the base material: the coating film includes: a first coating film, provided with a zinc layer made of zinc alloy and a tin layer made of tin or tin alloy which are laminated in this order, and formed at a planned core contact part; and a second coating film including the tin layer but not comprising the zinc layer, which is provided at a planned contact part being a contact part when the terminal is formed: and the zinc layer has a thickness not less than 0.1 μm and not more than 5.0 μm and zinc concentration not less than 30% by mass and not more than 95% by mass, and has any one or more of nickel, iron, manganese, molybdenum, cobalt, cadmium, lead and tin as a balance.

An article includes at least one layer including a transparent portion and at least one metal portion; and a color-rendering layer; wherein the at least one metal portion is positioned in the article to provide reflection of incident light; and wherein the transparent portion is dimensioned to allow at least some incident light to pass through. A method of making an article is also disclosed.

The present invention discloses a metal composite wire capable of increasing a tightness degree of copper-aluminum bonding. The metal composite wire includes a metal core rod. Continuous spiral grooves are formed in a surface of the core rod. The core rod is cladded with a metal cladding layer with higher electrical conductivity than the core rod. An average depth of the continuous spiral grooves ≤1/10 of a thickness of the metal cladding layer. By setting the thickness of the metal cladding layer as t.sub.1, a specific gravity of the metal cladding layer as ρ.sub.1, a diameter of the core rod as R, the average depth of the continuous spiral grooves as h, and a specific gravity of the core rod as ρ.sub.2, $t_1=\sqrt{\frac{{\left(R-h\right)}^2\times {\rho }_1+k\times {\left(R-h\right)}^2\times {\rho }_2-k\times {\left(R-h\right)}^2\times {\rho }_1}{(}}$

A high-strength steel sheet having a tensile strength of at least 780 MPa and excellent punchability comprises a ferrite phase, a martensite phase, and a bainite phase. The area ratio of the martensite phase is 20%-50%; the area ratio of crystal grains having an average crystal grain diameter of less than 1.0 μm in the martensite phase is 5%-30%; the area ratio of crystal grains having an average crystal grain diameter of 1.0-4.0 μm is 70%-95%; and the area ratio of crystal grains having an average crystal grain diameter of more than 4.0 μm is less than 5%.

A multilayer foam film with an enhanced perceived surface whiteness comprising for light-blocking, signage, and general packaging application is disclosed. In an embodiment, the film has a bulk density of less than 0.962 gr/cm.sup.3 wherein more than 50% of the cells in the foam layer are closed cells. In an embodiment, the multilayer foam film has a thickness greater than 1 mil and one of the solid skin layers contains white pigment. In another embodiment the white skin layer has a skin whiteness value of greater than 80 according to ASTM E313-73, and a skin layer tint value of less than 1 according to ASTM E313-73, and The lightness value (L*) of the white skin layer of greater than 90 in CIE L*a*b* dimension according to ASTM E308. In an embodiment, the film has a very smooth surface with a smoothness value of less than 25 in Sheffield smoothness unit configuration according to TAPPI T 538.