A tin-plated product contains: a substrate 10 of copper or a copper alloy; an underlying layer 12 of nickel which is formed on the surface of the substrate 10; and an outermost layer 14 containing tin, the outermost layer 14 being formed on the surface of the underlying layer 12, the outermost layer 14 being composed of a copper-tin alloy layer 14a of a large number of crystal grains of a copper-tin alloy, tin layers 14b of tin having an average thickness of 0.01 to 0.20 micrometers, and a plurality of copper-nickel-tin alloy layers 14c of a copper-nickel-tin alloy, each of the tin layers 14b being formed in a corresponding one of recessed portions between adjacent two of the crystal grains of the copper-tin alloy on the outermost surface of the copper-tin alloy layer, the copper-nickel-tin alloy layers 14c being arranged on the side of the underlying layer 12 in the copper-tin alloy layer 14a so as to be apart from each other.

The present specification relates to a decorative member comprising a base and inorganic layers comprising a first light absorption layer, a light reflection layer, and a second light absorption layer sequentially provided on the base, in which ΔE.sub.12 indicated in Equation 1 is 1 or more, and a method of manufacturing the decorative member.

A method for producing a curved laminated glazing, for a windscreen or roof of a motor vehicle includes providing a first glass sheet, coated on at least one part of one of its faces with a stack of thin layers, depositing, on one part of the surface of the stack of thin layers in a zone to be cleared, a washable dissolving layer, a pre-firing after which the stack of thin layers located under the washable dissolving layer is dissolved by the washable dissolving layer, creating a cleared zone, the removal of the washable dissolving layer by washing, the deposit, at least on one part of the cleared zone, of an opaque mineral layer, the curving of the first glass sheet and of an additional glass sheet, together or separately, and the laminating of the first glass sheet with an additional glass sheet using a lamination interlayer.

A metal-on-ceramic substrate comprises a ceramic layer, a first metal layer, and a bonding layer joining the ceramic layer to the first metal layer. The bonding layer includes thermoplastic polyimide adhesive that contains thermally conductive particles. This permits the substrate to withstand most common die attach operations, reduces residual stress in the substrate, and simplifies manufacturing processes.

A clad material for a battery current collector includes a pinhole due to falling off of an intermetallic compound containing Al and Ni or an intermetallic compound containing Al and Fe from an outer surface of a first layer. A clad material for a battery current collector includes a clad material obtained by bonding a first layer made of Al or an Al alloy and a second layer made of any one of Ni, a Ni alloy, Fe, and a Fe alloy by rolling. The clad material has a thickness of 50 μm or less. In the clad material, an intermetallic compound layer constituted by an intermetallic compound containing Al and Ni or an intermetallic compound containing Al and Fe, the intermetallic compound layer having a thickness of 0.1 μm or more and 1 μm or less, is formed between the first layer and the second layer.

An article includes at least one layer including a transparent portion and at least one metal portion; and a color-rendering layer; wherein the at least one metal portion is positioned in the article to provide reflection of incident light; and wherein the transparent portion is dimensioned to allow at least some incident light to pass through. A method of making an article is also disclosed.

The present invention discloses a metal composite wire capable of increasing a tightness degree of copper-aluminum bonding. The metal composite wire includes a metal core rod. Continuous spiral grooves are formed in a surface of the core rod. The core rod is cladded with a metal cladding layer with higher electrical conductivity than the core rod. An average depth of the continuous spiral grooves ≤1/10 of a thickness of the metal cladding layer. By setting the thickness of the metal cladding layer as t.sub.1, a specific gravity of the metal cladding layer as ρ.sub.1, a diameter of the core rod as R, the average depth of the continuous spiral grooves as h, and a specific gravity of the core rod as ρ.sub.2, $t_1=\sqrt{\frac{{\left(R-h\right)}^2\times {\rho }_1+k\times {\left(R-h\right)}^2\times {\rho }_2-k\times {\left(R-h\right)}^2\times {\rho }_1}{(}}$

A precursor structure is provided. The precursor structure has the following chemical formula:

[00001]$\left({\mathrm{La}}_2.Math.{\mathrm{Zr}}_{2-x}.Math.M_x.Math.O_7\right).Math.\frac{1}{2}.Math.\left({\mathrm{La}}_{2-y}.Math.M_y^{\prime }.Math.O_3\right),$

wherein M is a trivalent ion or a pentavalent ion, M′ is a bivalent ion, x=0-1, y=0-1.5, and the precursor structure includes a pyrochlore phase. Since the pyrochlore phase may be transformed into the garnet phase through a lithiation process and the phase transition temperature is lower (e.g., 500-1000° C.), the precursor structure may be co-fired with the cathode material (e.g., lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO.sub.2)) to form a thin lamination structure. That is, the thickness of the solid electrolyte may be effectively reduced, thereby improving the ionic conductivity of the solid electrolyte ion battery.

A surface-treated steel sheet for a battery container includes a steel sheet, an iron-nickel diffusion layer formed on the steel sheet, and a nickel layer foamed on the iron-nickel diffusion layer and constituting the outermost layer. When the Fe intensity and the Ni intensity are continuously measured from the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet for a battery container along the depth direction with a high frequency glow discharge optical emission spectrometric analyzer, the thickness of the iron-nickel diffusion layer being the difference (D2−D1) between the depth (D1) at which the Fe intensity exhibits a first predetermined value and the depth (D2) at which the Ni intensity exhibits a second predetermined value is 0.04 to 0.31 μm; and the total amount of the nickel contained in the iron-nickel diffusion layer and the nickel contained in the nickel layer is 10.8 to 26.7 g/m2.

A composite body has a cermet member, a metal member and an intermediate member. The cermet member includes a cermet oxide phase and a cermet metal phase. The cermet oxide phase contains a Ni-containing oxide or an Fe-containing oxide. The cermet metal phase contains Ni. The intermediate layer contains Cu. The mass proportions of Cu in the cermet metal phase at points which are spaced apart by 10, 50, 100 and 1000 μm from the interface between the cermet member and the intermediate layer to the cermet member side are denoted by C10, C50, C100 and C1000 (mass %). When the mass proportions of Cu in the cermet oxide phase at points which are spaced apart by 10 and 100 μm from the interface to the cermet member side are denoted by M10 and M100 (mass %), C10>C50>C100>C1000, and 5>M10−M100>−5.