A dental appliance for positioning a patient's teeth includes a removable orthodontic tooth positioning appliance having teeth receiving cavities shaped to directly receive at least some of the patient's teeth and apply a resilient positioning force to the patient's teeth. The appliance includes a hard polymer layer having a hard polymer layer elastic modulus disposed between a first soft polymer layer having a first soft polymer layer elastic modulus and a second soft polymer layer having a second soft polymer layer elastic modulus. The hard polymer layer elastic modulus is greater than each of the first soft polymer layer elastic modulus and the second soft polymer layer elastic modulus. At least one of the first soft polymer layer and the second soft polymer layer has a flexural modulus of greater than about 35,000 psi.

A cell module is provided. The cell module includes a first substrate; a second substrate disposed opposite to the first substrate; a cell unit disposed between the first substrate and the second substrate; a first thermosetting resin layer disposed between the cell unit and the first substrate; a first protective layer disposed between the cell unit and the first thermosetting resin layer; and a second thermosetting resin layer disposed between the cell unit and the second substrate. The first protective layer includes a first polymer, wherein the cross-linking degree of the first polymer is 0 to 42.3%.

Low permeation barrier- and veneer-style multilayer fuel and air conditioning hoses are provided comprising an HNBR rubber layer directly bonded to a polyamide layer. A low extraction, peroxide cured HNBR thermoset rubber formulation is provided that directly bonds to polyamide thermoplastic during the vulcanization step without the need of external glue adhesive application.