A multi-layer laminate includes a glass panel unit, an intermediate film, and a transparent plate. The transparent plate is assembled to the glass panel unit via the intermediate film. The glass panel unit includes a first and second glass panel, and an evacuated space. The evacuated space is interposed between the first and second glass panel. A method for manufacturing the multi-layer laminate includes a step. The step includes exhausting a gas from a bag, loaded with the glass panel unit, the intermediate film, and the transparent plate, to cause the bag to shrink and thereby assembling, using the bag thus shrunk, the glass panel unit and the transparent plate via the intermediate film. The step includes raising a pressure inside the bag from a pressure at an initial stage of heating while increasing a temperature of the intermediate film to a predetermined temperature at which the intermediate film softens.

The invention relates to a scaled holographic medium comprising a layer construction B′-C1′-C2′, to a process for producing the sealed holographic medium, to a kit of parts, to a layer construction comprising a protective layer and a substrate layer and to the use thereof.

A laminated pane, includes, in this order, an outer pane, an intermediate layer, a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties that is selected from among a PDLC functional element, a PNLC functional element, or an SPD functional element, an intermediate layer, a holographic display element, an intermediate layer, and an inner pane.

A laminated pane, includes, in this order, an outer pane, an intermediate layer, a functional element with electrically controllable optical properties that is selected from among a PDLC functional element, a PNLC functional element, or an SPD functional element, an intermediate layer, a holographic display element, an intermediate layer, and an inner pane.

An interlayer film for laminated glass, comprising a first layer containing a polyvinyl acetal-based resin, wherein the first layer contains no plasticizer or contains a plasticizer in an amount of 15 parts by mass or less based on 100 parts by mass of the resin contained in the first layer, and the first layer has a glass transition temperature (Tg) of 50° C. or lower.

Provided is an interlayer film for laminated glass capable of reducing the variation in double images in laminated glass in the direction perpendicular to the direction connecting one end and the other end of the interlayer film, and effectively suppressing double images. An interlayer film for laminated glass according to the present invention has one end and the other end being at the opposite side of the the one end, the other end has a thickness of larger than a thickness of the one end, the interlayer film for laminated glass as a whole has a wedge angle of 0.1 mrad or more, and the interlayer film for laminated glass has a thickness varying region in a region extending in the direction perpendicular to the direction connecting the one end and the other end of the interlayer film, having a standard deviation of 11 partial wedge angles measured by the following measuring method of 0.040 mrad or less.

A thin glass substrate, as well as a method and an apparatus are provided. The glass substrate has a glass having first and second main surfaces and elongated elevations on one of the main surfaces. The elevations rise in a normal direction, have a longitudinal extent that is greater than two times a transverse extent, and have a height, on average, that is less than 100 nm, and with a transverse extent of the elevation smaller than 40 mm. The method includes melting a glass, hot forming the glass, and adjusting a viscosity of the glass so that for the viscosity η1 for a first stretch over a first distance of up to 1.5 m downstream of a flow rate control component and y1 indicating a second distance to a location immediately downstream the flow rate control component the equation lg η1(y1)/dPa.Math.s=(lg η01/dPa.Math.s+a1(y1)) applies.

This disclosure is related to the field of polymer interlayers for multiple layer glass panels and multiple layer glass panels having at least one polymer interlayer sheet. Specifically, this disclosure is related to the field of polymer interlayers comprising multiple thermoplastic layers which resist the formation of optical defects.

A laminated glass luminescent concentrator is provided which includes a solid medium having a plurality of fluorophores disposed therein. In some embodiments, the fluorophore is a low-toxicity quantum dot. In some embodiments, the fluorophore has significantly reduced self-absorption, which allows for unperturbed waveguiding of the photoluminescence over a long distance. Also disclosed are apparatuses for generating electricity from the laminated glass luminescent concentrator, and its combination with buildings and vehicles.

An armor system configured to be coupled to a frame surrounding a window in a vehicle or other structure, such as a building. The armor system may be configured to provide any desired ballistics protection rating. The armor system includes a ballistics-grade armor panel and at least one insert embedded in the ballistics-grade armor panel. The insert extends around at least a portion of a periphery of the ballistics-grade armor panel. The one or more inserts may be configured to reduce the parasitic weight of the armor system.