Methods and apparatus to remove gas and vapor from a panel for a decorative layer are disclosed. An example apparatus includes a first press plate of a hot press to engage a first surface of a panel. The hot press is to apply heat to the panel via the first press plate to cure resin of the panel. A first portion of the first press plate is composed of a permeable material to remove at least one of gas or vapor from the panel to deter the at least one of gas or vapor from exerting a pressure on a decorative layer to be coupled to the panel to deter separation of a portion of the decorative layer from the panel.

The present invention relates to a sandwich panel and a method of manufacturing the same. The sandwich panel according to the present invention has high density and improved physical properties such as flexural strength, flexural modulus, bending strength and lightening weighting ratio and is suitable for use in various consumer products or industrial materials.

A skin material containing, in the following order: a base fabric that is configured to contain fibers having a synthetic resin coating layer, wherein fibers adjacent to each other in the base fabric are at least partially fused with each other; and an adhesive layer and a skin layer, which are provided at a surface of at least one side of the base fabric in this order from the base fabric, the skin material having a plurality of ventilation holes passing through the skin material in a thickness direction.

A laminated glass includes a first glass plate, which varies in a thickness from one end to another end that is opposite the one end, and in which a line is formed; a second glass plate in which a line is formed; and an intermediate film located between the first glass plate and the second glass plate, and configured to bond the first glass plate and the second glass plate so that the line of the first glass plate and the line of the second glass plate are mutually orthogonal, in a view of a plate thickness direction.

A cellular structure may include a plurality of cells each having a twelve-cornered cross section. The twelve-cornered cross section may include twelve sides and twelve corners creating eight internal angles and four external angles. Each cell may include a plurality of longitudinal walls extending between a top and a bottom of the cell, the longitudinal walls intersecting to create corners of the cell. A structural component may include at least one wall surrounding a component interior space with a cellular structure having at least two cells being positioned within the interior space. A sandwich structure may include first and second substantially planar structures, and a cellular structure with at least two cells positioned between the first and second substantially planar structures.

A cellular structure may include a plurality of cells each having a twelve-cornered cross section. The twelve-cornered cross section may include twelve sides and twelve corners creating nine internal angles and three external angles. Each cell may include a plurality of longitudinal walls extending between a top and a bottom of the cell, the longitudinal walls intersecting to create corners of the cell. A structural component may include at least one wall surrounding a component interior space with a cellular structure having at least two cells positioned within the interior space. A sandwich structure may include first and second planar structures, and a cellular structure positioned between the first and second substantially planar structures.

A metal or composite component assembly includes a first metal or composite component, a second metal or composite component, and an adhesive layer arranged on an interface of the first and second components and bonding the first and second components. The adhesive layer comprises a fast-cure low-strength adhesive and a high-strength structural adhesive.

The compressible sealing element (1) comprises at least one piece made of a resilient foam (17). This foam has an open-cell content of at least 50% and has such a hardness that it requires a force of less than 2000 N to compress the sealing element (1) per meter length thereof to such an extent that the volume of a rectangular cuboid circumscribing the sealing element is reduced by 40%. The sealing element comprises a water-impermeable cover layer (18) which extends at least over its top surface. The sealing element is intended for filling at least partially the gaps between the stock rails (13) and the switch rails (12) in a railway switch to prevent the switch from being blocked in particular by snow. Advantages of the new sealing element is that it can easier be inserted in these gaps and that it has a smaller effect on the force required to close the switch so that it can also be applied closer to the free extremity of the switch rail (12).

A method for producing a fiber composite laminate, including the steps of applying pressure and/or heat to a first preform, which has one or more dry fiber layers and a thermoplastic elastomer, such that the thermoplastic portion of the thermoplastic elastomer completely impregnates the dry fiber layers of the first preform in at least one first region and only partially impregnates the dry fiber layers in at least one second region and, in a thermosetting polymer matrix, impregnating and curing the fiber layers of the second region of the first preform that are still dry and have not been impregnated with the thermoplastic portion of the thermoplastic elastomer.

Crumb rubber obtained from recycled tires is subjected to an interlinked substitution process. The process utilizes a reactive component that interferes with sulfur bonds. The resulting treated rubber exhibits properties similar to those of the virgin composite rubber structure prior to being granulated, and is suitable for use in fabricating new tires, engineered rubber articles, and asphalt rubber for use in waterproofing and paving applications.